Introduction
On the 23rd day of the 12th lunar month, Vietnamese families perform a ritual to send Ong Cong and Ong Tao (the Kitchen Gods) to heaven. They are believed to report the family's affairs over the past year to the Jade Emperor. This is a significant cultural tradition before Tet.
This guide offers practical steps for preparation and arrangement. Remember, customs can vary by region and family.
When to perform the ritual
The ritual is typically performed from the 17th to the 23rd of the 12th lunar month. However, it is best to do it before noon on the 23rd, as it's believed the Gods depart after that time. Many families choose to hold the ceremony on the evening of the 22nd for convenience.
Required Offerings
- Votive paper set for Tao Quan: Includes paper hats (2 for male gods with fins, 1 for the female goddess), clothes, and shoes. A single set is often used as a symbol.
- Live carp: Essential in the North, symbolizing the Gods' transportation to heaven.
- A feast tray (vegetarian or meat): Common dishes include boiled chicken, xoi (sticky rice), che (sweet soup), banh chung, spring rolls, and fresh fruits. Vegetarian options include xoi, che, and vegetable soups. Sweet foods are offered with the wish that the Gods speak sweetly.
- Fresh flowers and fruits: For the altar.
- Votive money and gold paper: As travel expenses for the Gods.
- Incense, candles: To create a solemn atmosphere.
- Small cups of water, wine, or tea: For the offering.
Step-by-Step Guide
Step 1: Prepare the offerings
Gather all necessary items. Ensure the carp is alive and healthy. Prepare or order the food offerings in advance.
Step 2: Arrange the offering tray
Place the tray on the ancestral altar or a dedicated Tao Quan altar. Avoid placing it on the kitchen floor. Arrange items neatly: the food tray in the center, flowers and fruits on the sides, and the votive papers and carp in front.
Step 3: Light incense and recite the prayer
The homeowner should dress neatly and solemnly. Light three incense sticks and recite the prayer. The prayer typically includes the date, your name, address, and sincere wishes for the family's peace and prosperity.
Step 4: Wait and burn votive papers
Wait for the incense to burn out completely. Then, take the votive papers to a safe, clean place to burn.
- Burn in a safe area: Use a metal container in a well-ventilated spot, away from flammable materials.
- Burn in small batches: Control the flame to prevent accidents.
- Ensure the fire is out: Before leaving, make sure all embers are extinguished.
Step 5: Release the carp
After burning the votive papers, gently release the carp into a river, lake, or pond. Release it near the water's edge, not from a height. This act symbolizes returning life to nature.
Important Notes
- Timing: Perform the ritual before noon on the 23rd day.
- Attire: Dress modestly and cleanly.
- Attitude: Recite the prayer with a clear, solemn voice.
- Placement: The offering tray should be on the altar, not the kitchen floor.
- Regional customs: Northerners offer live carp; Central people offer woodblock prints; Southerners offer a specific type of votive paper. Adapt to your local customs.
The most important aspect is the sincere heart of the family, not the size of the offering tray.
