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Knowledge articles (40)

Folk belief

How Do Belief and Superstition Differ Under Vietnamese Law?

Vietnam's 2016 Law on Belief and Religion distinguishes protected belief from banned superstition. Learn the definitions, legal signs, fines, and criminal penalties.

Historical figures

Goddess Thien Y A Na and Po Nagar Tower: The Cham-Viet Faith Interweaving in Nha Trang

Explore the journey from the Cham goddess Po Inư Nagar to Thien Y A Na in Vietnamese belief, through the lens of the Po Nagar Tower festival in Nha Trang.

Folk belief

The Legend of Sacred Forests in the Beliefs of the Pu Péo People

Explore the sacred forest beliefs of the Pu Péo, an ethnic minority in Hà Giang, to understand their culture, customs, and unique relationship with nature.

Traditional festivals

Phu Day Festival: The Center of Mother Lieu Hanh Worship

The Phu Day Festival in Nam Dinh is the center of the Mother Goddess worship of the Three Palaces, honoring Saint Mother Lieu Hanh, with rituals of Chau Van singing, Hau Dong mediumship, and many unique folk cultural activities.

Folk belief

The Worship of Ong Ta in Southern Vietnamese Folk Culture

Explore the origins, meanings, and rituals of worshipping Ong Ta, a familiar land-protecting deity in Southern Vietnamese folk beliefs, rooted in Khmer culture.

Folk belief

The Four Dharma Deities (Cloud, Rain, Thunder, Lightning) Worship at Dau Pagoda: Origins and Identity

Explore the worship of the Four Dharma Deities (Phap Van, Phap Vu, Phap Loi, Phap Dien) at Dau Pagoda, Bac Ninh: origins, meanings, rituals, and the distinctive cultural values of an ancient agricultural belief interwoven with Buddhism.

Ethnic minority belief

Beliefs and Festivals of the Thái People in Northwest Vietnam: Xên Bản Xên Mường and Hạn Khuống

Explore the animist beliefs, the Xên Bản Xên Mường village-guardian rites, and the Hạn Khuống courtship festival of the Thái ethnic minority in Vietnam's Northwest, not Thailand.

Ethnic minority belief

Beliefs and Festivals of the Cham People

The Cham community comprises three distinct religious streams: Cham Bàlamôn, Cham Bàni and Cham Islam, each with its own festivals and practices, from Katê to Ramưwan.

Ethnic minority belief

Beliefs and Rituals of the Ê Đê People

The Ê Đê of Đắk Lắk follow a matrilineal system, live in longhouses, worship the Yang spirits, and hold a grave-abandonment ceremony to send the dead to the ancestors.

Folk belief

What Does Vietnamese Folk Belief Encompass?

Vietnamese folk belief includes ancestor worship, deity worship, Mother Goddess religion, agricultural beliefs, and rituals of many ethnic groups. An overview of main branches.

Folk belief

Vietnamese Ancestor Worship: Beliefs and Practices

An overview of Vietnamese ancestor worship, a defining spiritual-cultural practice: the family altar, death anniversaries, and the moral meaning of remembering one's roots.

Folk belief

Fertility Worship in Traditional Vietnamese Culture

Fertility worship reflects ancient Vietnamese agricultural culture's hope for abundance and continuity, expressed through Linga–Yoni symbols, the Trò Trám festival, and Central Highlands grave-house carvings.

Folk belief

Village Guardian Deity Worship (Thành Hoàng) in Vietnamese Culture

Thành Hoàng is the tutelary deity protecting each Vietnamese village, worshipped at the communal đình. Learn its origins, deity types, royal decrees, and the đình's role in community life.

Ethnic minority belief

Beliefs and Festivals of the Khmer Krom People

Theravada Buddhism sits at the center of Khmer Krom spiritual life, with the village pagoda and major festivals such as Chol Chnam Thmay and Ok Om Bok.

Folk belief

No Scientific Basis Does Not Mean Worthless: Reading Folk Belief as Cultural Heritage Rather Than as a Truth Claim

Folk belief is not science, but that does not make it worthless. The right way to read it is as cultural heritage, a symbolic language of community.

Folk belief

Whale Worship (Cá Ông) Among Vietnamese Fishing Communities

Cá Ông worship venerates whales as guardian spirits among fishing communities on Vietnam's central and southern coasts. Explore its Cham origins, lăng Ông shrines, the Nghinh Ông festival, and maritime culture.

Historical figures

Worship of Ba Chua Kho and the Year-Opening Custom of Borrowing Luck

Explore the historical origins, legends of Ba Chua Kho during the Ly Dynasty, the spiritual meaning of the year-opening custom of borrowing luck, and rituals at Ba Chua Kho Temple, Bac Ninh.

Folk belief

The Origins of the Worship of Thần Tài - Ông Địa in Vietnamese Culture

Discover the origins, meanings, and transformations of the worship of Thần Tài (God of Wealth) and Ông Địa (Earth God) in Vietnamese culture, from agricultural beliefs to the market economy.

Folk belief

Đạo Mẫu – Vietnamese Mother Goddess Worship (Tam Phủ / Tứ Phủ)

Đạo Mẫu is Vietnam's indigenous Mother Goddess religion, honoring female deities of Heaven, Earth, Water and Mountains, inscribed by UNESCO in 2016. Explore its origins, pantheon and rituals.

Folk belief

The Animistic Spiritual Life of the Bru-Van Kieu People

Explore the distinctive animistic spiritual life of the Bru-Van Kieu people through the research of Hungarian ethnologist Vargyas Gábor, from the role of shamans to reburial and spirit worship rituals.

Folk belief

The Mountain and Forest Spirit Worship of the Ruc People (Chut Ethnic Group)

Explore the distinct spiritual beliefs of the Ruc, a Chut subgroup once living in isolation in the Truong Son mountains, including their worship of mountain and forest deities and their unique view of death as a return to the sacred forest.

Folk belief

The Worship of Ca Ong: The Guardian Deity of Central Vietnamese Fishermen

Discover the worship of Ca Ong (whale) among central Vietnamese fishermen: its origins, rituals, tomb architecture, scientific perspectives, and maritime cultural significance.

Historical figures

The Worship of Ong Hoang Bay - the National Defense General at Bao Ha Temple

Discover the details of the worship of Ong Hoang Bay at Bao Ha Temple (Lao Cai), from its historical origins, the role of the national defense general of the Le Dynasty to the rituals and spiritual cultural significance for the Vietnamese people.

Traditional festivals

Cau Ngu Festival: The Whale Worship Belief of Central Vietnam Fishermen

Explore the Cau Ngu festival, a beautiful belief in worshipping the Whale God among central Vietnamese fishermen, covering its origins, rituals, and cultural significance.

Historical figures

Nang Han - Legendary Female Heroine in the Beliefs of the White Thai People

Explore the legend of Nang Han, a female heroine who disguised herself as a man to repel foreign invaders among the White Thai people of the Northwest, and understand the festivals, beliefs, and unique spiritual life of this community.

Traditional crafts

Thon Cao Incense Village - Preserving the Beauty of Vietnamese Spiritual Beliefs

Discover Thon Cao incense village (Hung Yen) - home to a centuries-old traditional incense-making craft, with family secrets and the dedication of local artisans.

Tet and seasonal rites

Lantern Festival of the Chinese Community in Cho Lon and the Belief in Thien Hau

Explore the Lantern Festival of the Chinese community in Cho Lon, a national intangible cultural heritage, along with the depth of the belief in Thien Hau Thanh Mau at ancient assembly halls.

Folk belief

Nang Hai Festival (Moon Mother) - Fertility Belief of the Tay People in Cao Bang

Discover the Nang Hai Festival of the Tay people in Cao Bang, a national intangible cultural heritage, through the lens of fertility beliefs, crop worship rituals, and the aspirations for prosperity and abundance of agricultural communities.

Life-cycle rites

The Cúng Mụ Rite and the Belief in the 12 Midwife Goddesses

Explore the origin and role of the 12 Bà Mụ in Vietnamese folk belief, female deities believed to shape a newborn's body and bestow blessings.

Historical figures

Worship of Chua Thac Bo: Two Female Generals from the Le Loi Era in Hoa Binh

Explore the worship of Chua Thac Bo in Hoa Binh, dedicated to two female generals from the Le Loi era. This article analyzes the historical origins, temple architecture, rituals, and spiritual cultural value of this destination.

Folk belief

Mother Goddess Worship of the Three Palaces: UNESCO Heritage and Harmful Distortions to Distinguish

Mother Goddess Worship of the Three Palaces was inscribed by UNESCO in 2016, encompassing chau van ritual singing, spirit possession, and the Three Mother Goddesses of sky, forest, and water.

Folk belief

Quan Cong Temples: A Religious Imprint of the Chinese Community in Vietnam

Explore the worship of Quan Cong among the Chinese community in Vietnam through temples, rituals, and enduring cultural values in Chau Doc, Ca Mau, and many other localities.

Folk belief

Belief, Superstition, and Pseudoscience Are Three Different Things, but They Are Often Lumped Together

Distinguish folk belief, harmful superstition, and pseudoscience through definitions, boundaries, and concrete examples, so you can tell cultural faith from fraud.

Folk belief

Ông Địa and Thần Tài: The Earth God and God of Wealth in Household Worship

Ông Địa (Earth God) and Thần Tài (God of Wealth) are the most commonly co-worshipped household deities in Vietnam. Learn their origins, meaning, altar arrangement, and why shopkeepers revere them.

Traditional festivals

The Whale Worship Belief and Nghinh Ong Festival of Coastal Fishermen

Explore the whale worship belief of Vietnamese fishermen, from its origins, burial rituals, taboos to the typical Nghinh Ong festivals in Nghe An, Can Tho and other coastal regions.

Ancestor worship

Hung Kings Worship - Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

Explore the Hung Kings Worship, recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage, through the lens of history, culture, and the spiritual life of the Vietnamese people.

Ethnic minority belief

Tày Beliefs and Festivals: Then Singing, the Tính Lute, and the Lồng Tồng Festival

Explore the sacred Then belief system, the Tính lute, and the Lồng Tồng down-to-the-fields festival of the Tày, Vietnam's largest ethnic minority group in the Northeast.

Folk belief

The Mother Goddess Worship of Tam Phu and the Hau Dong Ritual in Vietnamese Spiritual Life

Explore the origins, divine pantheon, humanistic values, and the distinctive Hau Dong ritual of the Mother Goddess Worship of Tam Phu, an intangible cultural heritage of humanity recognized by UNESCO.

Folk belief

Worship of Thổ Công and Thổ Địa: Household Land-Guardian Deities

Thổ Công and Thổ Địa guard the land of a Vietnamese home, distinct from the wealth-focused Thần Tài. Explore the Thổ Công–Thổ Địa–Thổ Kỳ triad and its worship.

Folk divination

Dream interpretation in Vietnamese folklore: from traditional beliefs to a scientific perspective

Explore dream interpretation in Vietnamese folklore, from spiritual omens to how modern science explains dreams.