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Knowledge articles (40)

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The La Hu People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The La Hu live mainly in Muong Te, Lai Chau, and speak a Tibeto-Burman language. Their ancestor worship and main festivals are described here.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

La Ha People: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The La Ha people live in Yen Bai and Son La, with a 2019 population of 10,157. Their housing, marriage and worship customs are covered here.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The La Chi People: Settlement, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The La Chi people live mainly in Ha Giang, speak a Ka Dai language, keep a separate altar for each man in the house, and hold folk games during Tet.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Si La people: residence, language, worship customs and main festivals

The Si La people live in Muong Te, Lai Chau, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, worship ancestors, and hold the altar rite, New Year and new rice festivals.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Phu La People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Phu La people include the Phu La Lao, Phu La Den and Phu La Han groups, living in Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Yen Bai and Lai Chau.

Ethnic minority customs

Ancient Leaf Books of the May People, a Chut Ethnic Subgroup

Ancient leaf books of the May people, a Chut subgroup, held incantations and ritual texts, and the artisans who can read them have nearly vanished.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Ngái People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Ngái are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, with a very small population living scattered across Quảng Ninh, Hải Phòng, Bắc Giang, Lạng Sơn and Cao Bằng.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Khang People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Khang people speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Lai Chau and Son La. Their worship customs and main festivals are covered here.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Xinh Mun People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Xinh Mun speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Son La and Lai Chau, with bridegroom service and two-generation ancestor worship.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Cong Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

Vietnam's Cong people live mainly in Lai Chau, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and keep ancestor worship and their own festivals.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Lao Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Lao in Vietnam call themselves Thay and Thay Duon, speak a Tay-Thai language, live in Dien Bien, Lai Chau and Son La, and keep ancestor altars.

Ethnic minority customs

Wedding Customs of the Thai People (Son La)

The wedding customs of the Black Thai in Son La include free courtship, a trial groom service, and the Tằng cẩu hair-bunning rite.

Tet and seasonal rites

The Unique Early Tet Custom of the Si La People

The Si La people in Lai Châu celebrate Tet early, timing it to the harvest and peach blossoms, with black pig rituals and double chung cakes.

Festival customs

Hùng Kings' Commemoration Day: Vietnam's National Ancestral Festival

Hùng Kings' Commemoration Day falls on the 10th day of the 3rd lunar month at Đền Hùng temple in Phú Thọ province, honoring the legendary Hùng Kings.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Pu Peo People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Pu Peo number 903 people as of 2019, living in Ha Giang and speaking a Ka Dai language. Learn their worship customs, weddings, funerals and Tet festivals.

Ethnic minority customs

The Rong House in the Cultural Life of the Central Highlands Ethnic Groups

The Rong house is the cultural and spiritual heart of Central Highlands villages, hosting rituals, dispute resolution, and production planning.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Thai Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

Vietnam's Thai ethnic group includes the Black and White branches, speaks the Tay-Thai language, lives in ban-muong villages, and worships ancestors.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Lự People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Lự people speak a Tày-Thái language and live mainly in Lai Châu, with worship customs and festivals tied to their own calendar.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Mnong People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Mnong speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Dak Lak and Lam Dong, with matrilineal culture and buffalo sacrifice at the new rice festival.

Historical figures

Lady Trieu - Trieu Thi Trinh (born 226): National heroine and her temple on Gai Mountain, Thanh Hoa

Lady Trieu, born Trieu Thi Trinh in 226, led the 248 uprising against Wu rule. Her temple on Gai Mountain, Thanh Hoa, keeps national heritage festivals.

Ethnic minority customs

What Makes the Customs of Vietnam's Ethnic Minorities So Distinctive?

Vietnam's ethnic minorities have their own marriage rites, house-building practices and worship, shaped by environment and indigenous beliefs.

Folk belief

The Mountain and Forest Spirit Worship of the Ruc People (Chut Ethnic Group)

The Ruc, a Chut subgroup in the Truong Son mountains, worship mountain and forest deities and hold that the dead return to the sacred forest.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Vietnam's Community of 54 Ethnic Groups: Official List, Distribution and Shared Cultural Traits

Vietnam recognises 54 ethnic groups under the 1979 official list, with the Kinh majority and 53 minority groups spread across all regions.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Hoa (also called Han) ethnic group: residence, language, worship customs, and main festivals

The Hoa (Han) are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups: where they live, their language, ancestor worship customs, and festivals like Tet Nguyen tieu.

Festival customs

The Origin and Meaning Behind the Name "Tết Nguyên Đán"

The name "Tết Nguyên Đán" comes from "Tiết," a marker in the agricultural calendar, and "Nguyên Đán," meaning the first morning of the new year.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Comparing Lunar New Year of the Kinh, Chol Chnam Thmay of the Khmer, and Ethnic Groups Celebrating New Year by Their Own Calendars

Comparing Lunar New Year of the Kinh, Chol Chnam Thmay of the Khmer, and ethnic groups with their own calendars: timing, offerings, rituals, and names.

Traditional festivals

National Mong Ethnic Culture Festival: Highland Colors Converge

The National Mong Ethnic Culture Festival rotates among provinces with large Mong populations. Its 4th edition is in Dien Bien in October 2026.

Folk belief

Rain Prayer Ceremony and Village Cleansing Ritual in the Lo Lo Cultural Festival

The Lo Lo people of Meo Vac, Ha Giang reenacted their Rain Prayer and Village Cleansing rituals at the 2024 Lo Lo Cultural Festival.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Mang Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Mang are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Lai Chau and speaking a Mon-Khmer language. Their worship customs and festivals are covered.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Chut People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Chut people of Vietnam include the May, Ruc, Sach, Arem and Ma Lieng subgroups, living mainly in the mountains of Quang Binh.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Tay Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Tay are Vietnam's largest ethnic minority. They live in northeastern valleys, speak a Tay-Thai language, worship ancestors, and hold long tong festivals.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Tho People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Tho people speak a Viet Muong language and live mainly in western Nghe An and Thanh Hoa, with their own worship of spirits, ancestors and midwife deities.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Nung People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Nung live mainly in Vietnam's northeastern provinces and speak a Tay-Thai language. Their customs center on ancestor worship and festivals.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Co People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Co live in northwestern Quang Ngai and southwestern Quang Nam, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and hold a buffalo sacrifice as their largest festival.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Brau People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Brau are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Kon Tum. This article covers their language, worship customs, festivals and cultural life.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Giay People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Giay live mainly in Lao Cai, Ha Giang and Lai Chau, speak a Thai-Kadai language, and keep an altar with three incense bowls.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Dao Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Dao are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups. Where they live, their Hmong-Dao language, ancestor and Ban Vuong worship, and cap sac rites.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Ma Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Ma live in Lam Dong and Dong Nai, speak a Mon-Khmer language with no script, worship Yang spirits and hold a buffalo sacrifice after harvest.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Muong Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Muong ethnic group speaks a Viet-Muong language and lives mainly in Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa and Phu Tho, with mo epics, festivals and worship customs.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Hre People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Hre live in western Quang Ngai and An Lao in Binh Dinh, speak a Mon-Khmer language and hold the buffalo sacrifice as their largest rite.