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Knowledge articles (40)

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Ta Oi People: Settlement, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Ta Oi live in western Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship spirits with festivals tied to the swidden farming cycle.

Ethnic minority customs

Unique Wedding Customs of the Red Dao People (Ta Phin, Sa Pa)

Red Dao weddings in Ta Phin, Sa Pa, have the bride walk to the groom's house alone, with days of rituals and a horn and drum team.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Xo Dang Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Xo Dang include the Xo Teng, To Dra, Mnam, Ca Dong, Ha Lang, Ta Tri and Chau subgroups in Kon Tum, Quang Nam and Quang Ngai, with worship of Kiak spirits.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Bru - Van Kieu People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Bru - Van Kieu people number 94,598 and live along the Truong Son range in Quang Binh, Quang Tri, and Thua Thien Hue.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Co Tu People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Major Festivals

The Co Tu live in the Truong Son mountains of Quang Nam and Thua Thien Hue, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and hold buffalo sacrifice and reburial rites.

Traditional festivals

Pặt Oong: The Field-Going Ceremony to Drive Away Evil Spirits of the Pu Péo People

Pặt Oong is the Pu Péo people's key agricultural ritual, held at the new year to ward off evil spirits and pray for a bountiful harvest.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Tay Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Tay are Vietnam's largest ethnic minority. They live in northeastern valleys, speak a Tay-Thai language, worship ancestors, and hold long tong festivals.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Vietnam's Community of 54 Ethnic Groups: Official List, Distribution and Shared Cultural Traits

Vietnam recognises 54 ethnic groups under the 1979 official list, with the Kinh majority and 53 minority groups spread across all regions.

Ethnic minority customs

The Rong House in the Cultural Life of the Central Highlands Ethnic Groups

The Rong house is the cultural and spiritual heart of Central Highlands villages, hosting rituals, dispute resolution, and production planning.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Comparing Lunar New Year of the Kinh, Chol Chnam Thmay of the Khmer, and Ethnic Groups Celebrating New Year by Their Own Calendars

Comparing Lunar New Year of the Kinh, Chol Chnam Thmay of the Khmer, and ethnic groups with their own calendars: timing, offerings, rituals, and names.

Ethnic minority customs

Ancient Leaf Books of the May People, a Chut Ethnic Subgroup

Ancient leaf books of the May people, a Chut subgroup, held incantations and ritual texts, and the artisans who can read them have nearly vanished.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Xinh Mun People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Xinh Mun speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Son La and Lai Chau, with bridegroom service and two-generation ancestor worship.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Gia Rai People: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Gia Rai speak a Malayo-Polynesian language and live mainly in Gia Lai, Kon Tum and Dak Lak, with a matrilineal society that worships Yang spirits.

Ethnic minority customs

What Makes the Customs of Vietnam's Ethnic Minorities So Distinctive?

Vietnam's ethnic minorities have their own marriage rites, house-building practices and worship, shaped by environment and indigenous beliefs.

Folk belief

The Mountain and Forest Spirit Worship of the Ruc People (Chut Ethnic Group)

The Ruc, a Chut subgroup in the Truong Son mountains, worship mountain and forest deities and hold that the dead return to the sacred forest.

Festival customs

The Origin and Meaning Behind the Name "Tết Nguyên Đán"

The name "Tết Nguyên Đán" comes from "Tiết," a marker in the agricultural calendar, and "Nguyên Đán," meaning the first morning of the new year.

Folk belief

Rain Prayer Ceremony and Village Cleansing Ritual in the Lo Lo Cultural Festival

The Lo Lo people of Meo Vac, Ha Giang reenacted their Rain Prayer and Village Cleansing rituals at the 2024 Lo Lo Cultural Festival.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Brau People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Brau are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Kon Tum. This article covers their language, worship customs, festivals and cultural life.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Thai Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

Vietnam's Thai ethnic group includes the Black and White branches, speaks the Tay-Thai language, lives in ban-muong villages, and worships ancestors.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Lao Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Lao in Vietnam call themselves Thay and Thay Duon, speak a Tay-Thai language, live in Dien Bien, Lai Chau and Son La, and keep ancestor altars.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Khang People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Khang people speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Lai Chau and Son La. Their worship customs and main festivals are covered here.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Nung People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Nung live mainly in Vietnam's northeastern provinces and speak a Tay-Thai language. Their customs center on ancestor worship and festivals.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Cong Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

Vietnam's Cong people live mainly in Lai Chau, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and keep ancestor worship and their own festivals.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Ma Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Ma live in Lam Dong and Dong Nai, speak a Mon-Khmer language with no script, worship Yang spirits and hold a buffalo sacrifice after harvest.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Dao Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Dao are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups. Where they live, their Hmong-Dao language, ancestor and Ban Vuong worship, and cap sac rites.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Mang Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Mang are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Lai Chau and speaking a Mon-Khmer language. Their worship customs and festivals are covered.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Ngái People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Ngái are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, with a very small population living scattered across Quảng Ninh, Hải Phòng, Bắc Giang, Lạng Sơn and Cao Bằng.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Mnong People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Mnong speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Dak Lak and Lam Dong, with matrilineal culture and buffalo sacrifice at the new rice festival.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Giay People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Giay live mainly in Lao Cai, Ha Giang and Lai Chau, speak a Thai-Kadai language, and keep an altar with three incense bowls.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Muong Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Muong ethnic group speaks a Viet-Muong language and lives mainly in Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa and Phu Tho, with mo epics, festivals and worship customs.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Co People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Co live in northwestern Quang Ngai and southwestern Quang Nam, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and hold a buffalo sacrifice as their largest festival.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Hre People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Hre live in western Quang Ngai and An Lao in Binh Dinh, speak a Mon-Khmer language and hold the buffalo sacrifice as their largest rite.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Xtieng People: Residence, Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Xtieng speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Binh Phuoc. Their residence, language, worship customs, and main festivals are covered here.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Chut People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Chut people of Vietnam include the May, Ruc, Sach, Arem and Ma Lieng subgroups, living mainly in the mountains of Quang Binh.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Lự People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Lự people speak a Tày-Thái language and live mainly in Lai Châu, with worship customs and festivals tied to their own calendar.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Tho People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Tho people speak a Viet Muong language and live mainly in western Nghe An and Thanh Hoa, with their own worship of spirits, ancestors and midwife deities.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Ba Na Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Ba Na live in Gia Lai, Kon Tum and western Binh Dinh, Phu Yen and Khanh Hoa, speak a Mon-Khmer language and keep many community festivals.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Lo Lo People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Lo Lo live in Ha Giang, Cao Bang and Lao Cai, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, and are split into the Flowery Lo Lo and Black Lo Lo.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Bo Y Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Bo Y ethnic group includes the Bo Y and Tu Di subgroups in Ha Giang and Lao Cai, with two language families and distinct worship and festival customs.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Chu Ru people: where they live, their language, worship customs and main festivals

The Chu Ru are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living in Lam Dong and Ninh Thuan and speaking a Malayo-Polynesian language.