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Knowledge articles (38)

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Vietnam's Community of 54 Ethnic Groups: Official List, Distribution and Shared Cultural Traits

Vietnam recognises 54 ethnic groups under the 1979 official list, with the Kinh majority and 53 minority groups spread across all regions.

Festival customs

The Origin and Meaning Behind the Name "Tết Nguyên Đán"

The name "Tết Nguyên Đán" comes from "Tiết," a marker in the agricultural calendar, and "Nguyên Đán," meaning the first morning of the new year.

Ancestor worship

Ancestor Worship of Vietnamese People: Origins, Norms, and What Has Changed

Ancestor worship is a long-standing Vietnamese custom, a moral standard, and a key part of spiritual life, with altars, death anniversaries, and Tet rituals.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Comparing Lunar New Year of the Kinh, Chol Chnam Thmay of the Khmer, and Ethnic Groups Celebrating New Year by Their Own Calendars

Comparing Lunar New Year of the Kinh, Chol Chnam Thmay of the Khmer, and ethnic groups with their own calendars: timing, offerings, rituals, and names.

Historical figures

Nguyen Trai (1380-1442): World Cultural Celebrity and His Years at Con Son

Nguyen Trai, world cultural celebrity, was the soul of the resistance against the Ming and spent years at Con Son writing and reflecting on benevolent rule.

Historical figures

Trang Trinh Nguyen Binh Khiem (1491-1585): Cultural Celebrity and the Heritage of Vinh Bao Temple

Trang Trinh Nguyen Binh Khiem was a 16th century cultural celebrity. His temple in Vinh Bao, Hai Phong, is a special national relic.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Tay Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Tay are Vietnam's largest ethnic minority. They live in northeastern valleys, speak a Tay-Thai language, worship ancestors, and hold long tong festivals.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Nung People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Nung live mainly in Vietnam's northeastern provinces and speak a Tay-Thai language. Their customs center on ancestor worship and festivals.

Ethnic minority customs

Ancient Leaf Books of the May People, a Chut Ethnic Subgroup

Ancient leaf books of the May people, a Chut subgroup, held incantations and ritual texts, and the artisans who can read them have nearly vanished.

Ethnic minority customs

What Makes the Customs of Vietnam's Ethnic Minorities So Distinctive?

Vietnam's ethnic minorities have their own marriage rites, house-building practices and worship, shaped by environment and indigenous beliefs.

Ethnic minority customs

The Rong House in the Cultural Life of the Central Highlands Ethnic Groups

The Rong house is the cultural and spiritual heart of Central Highlands villages, hosting rituals, dispute resolution, and production planning.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Cong Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

Vietnam's Cong people live mainly in Lai Chau, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and keep ancestor worship and their own festivals.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Thai Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

Vietnam's Thai ethnic group includes the Black and White branches, speaks the Tay-Thai language, lives in ban-muong villages, and worships ancestors.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Mnong People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Mnong speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Dak Lak and Lam Dong, with matrilineal culture and buffalo sacrifice at the new rice festival.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Lao Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Lao in Vietnam call themselves Thay and Thay Duon, speak a Tay-Thai language, live in Dien Bien, Lai Chau and Son La, and keep ancestor altars.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Chut People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Chut people of Vietnam include the May, Ruc, Sach, Arem and Ma Lieng subgroups, living mainly in the mountains of Quang Binh.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Ngái People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Ngái are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, with a very small population living scattered across Quảng Ninh, Hải Phòng, Bắc Giang, Lạng Sơn and Cao Bằng.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Ro Mam People: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Ro Mam people belong to the Mon-Khmer language group and live mainly in Kon Tum. Learn about their language, worship customs and main festivals.

Traditional festivals

National Mong Ethnic Culture Festival: Highland Colors Converge

The National Mong Ethnic Culture Festival rotates among provinces with large Mong populations. Its 4th edition is in Dien Bien in October 2026.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Khang People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Khang people speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Lai Chau and Son La. Their worship customs and main festivals are covered here.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Mang Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Mang are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Lai Chau and speaking a Mon-Khmer language. Their worship customs and festivals are covered.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Bo Y Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Bo Y ethnic group includes the Bo Y and Tu Di subgroups in Ha Giang and Lao Cai, with two language families and distinct worship and festival customs.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

La Ha People: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The La Ha people live in Yen Bai and Son La, with a 2019 population of 10,157. Their housing, marriage and worship customs are covered here.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Ma Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Ma live in Lam Dong and Dong Nai, speak a Mon-Khmer language with no script, worship Yang spirits and hold a buffalo sacrifice after harvest.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Dao Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Dao are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups. Where they live, their Hmong-Dao language, ancestor and Ban Vuong worship, and cap sac rites.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Phu La People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Phu La people include the Phu La Lao, Phu La Den and Phu La Han groups, living in Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Yen Bai and Lai Chau.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Ê Đê People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Ê Đê live mainly in Đắk Lắk, southern Gia Lai, western Phú Yên and Khánh Hòa, speak a Malayo-Polynesian language and follow matrilineal customs.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Xo Dang Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Xo Dang include the Xo Teng, To Dra, Mnam, Ca Dong, Ha Lang, Ta Tri and Chau subgroups in Kon Tum, Quang Nam and Quang Ngai, with worship of Kiak spirits.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Khmer Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Khmer (Kho Me) numbered 1,319,652 in the 2019 survey, live mainly in the Mekong Delta, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship Buddha and ancestors.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Kinh (Viet) People: Residence, Language, Ancestor Worship and Major Festivals

The Kinh (Viet) are 86.83% of Vietnam's population and speak Vietnamese of the Viet Muong group. Their villages and ancestor worship are covered here.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The San Diu Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Customs of Worship and Main Festivals

The San Diu are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, speaking a Guangdong Chinese dialect in the northern midlands, with distinctive worship customs.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Xinh Mun People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Xinh Mun speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Son La and Lai Chau, with bridegroom service and two-generation ancestor worship.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The La Chi People: Settlement, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The La Chi people live mainly in Ha Giang, speak a Ka Dai language, keep a separate altar for each man in the house, and hold folk games during Tet.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Khơ Mú People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Khơ Mú speak a Mon-Khmer language and live in Yên Bái, Sơn La, Lai Châu, Thanh Hóa and Nghệ An, worshipping five spirits.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Chu Ru people: where they live, their language, worship customs and main festivals

The Chu Ru are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living in Lam Dong and Ninh Thuan and speaking a Malayo-Polynesian language.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Co People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Co live in northwestern Quang Ngai and southwestern Quang Nam, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and hold a buffalo sacrifice as their largest festival.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Ra Glai People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Ra Glai live in south-central Vietnam, speak a Malayo-Polynesian language, and hold farming rituals and worship customs.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Muong Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Muong ethnic group speaks a Viet-Muong language and lives mainly in Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa and Phu Tho, with mo epics, festivals and worship customs.