Cúng mùng một, ngày rằm (first-day and full-moon offerings)
- First and fifteenth of the lunar month
- 4 prayer texts
- Offerings and steps
Culture and belief A record of custom.
About this rite: when it is held and for whom
Also called: Sóc vọng, Văn khấn Thổ Công và gia tiên mùng 1, rằm, Lễ Sóc, lễ Vọng, Cúng rằm, mùng một, Văn khấn mùng một và ngày rằm hằng tháng, Văn khấn mùng 1 ngoài trời
By custom, on the first day (Sóc) and the full-moon day (Vọng) of each lunar month many households light incense and set out a usually vegetarian offering at the home altar, addressing the household deities and the ancestors.
- When
- The first day of the lunar month and the evening of the fifteenth day of every lunar month
- For whom
- Thổ Công (Earth God of the house) and the deities in the house; ancestors
Prayer text to Thổ Công and the deities (on the first day and the fifteenth day of the lunar month)
- Used across Vietnam
- Folk practice
- Address to the deities
What this prayer says
Prayer text to Thổ Công (Earth God of the house) and the deities in the house on the first day of the lunar month and the fifteenth day of the lunar month, offering incense, flowers and offerings and asking the deities to witness and bless the whole family with peace and smooth work; recited before the altar after preparing the offerings.
The prayer below is kept in Vietnamese, the language it is read aloud in during the rite.
Fill in before the rite
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Showing the version used across Vietnam.
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Other texts for Cúng mùng một, ngày rằm (first-day and full-moon offerings)
Versions by region, by tradition and for each part of the rite.
- Folk practice, Address to the ancestorsPrayer text to the ancestors on the first day of every lunar month
- BuddhistPrayer text for offerings on the first and fifteenth days of the lunar month, giỗ, and other ceremonies offered to the spirit of the deceased (without sutra chanting)
- Folk practice, Address to the ancestorsPrayer text for the full moon of the twelfth lunar month offered to ancestors
Offerings and how the rite is done
As commonly practised and recorded by the sources. Each family and each region may do it differently.
Used across Vietnam, Folk practice
- When
- The first day of the lunar month (lễ Sóc) and the evening of the fifteenth day of the lunar month (lễ Vọng)
- Where the offerings are set
- The altar of Thổ Công and the altar of the ancestors
- Who makes the offering
- head of the household
Offerings
| Offering | Quantity | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| incense | Required | |
| flowers | 1 vase | |
| betel leaves and areca nuts | ||
| fruit | 1 plate | |
| water | 1 cup | |
| rice wine | 1 jar | |
| votive paper and paper money | ||
| Savory offerings: rice wine, boiled chicken, savory dishes | not required; usually vegetarian offerings |
Steps
- Arrange the offerings, light incense
- Invoke Thổ Công and the deities first
- Invoke the ancestors afterwards
More about Cúng mùng một, ngày rằm (first-day and full-moon offerings)
Nhật Nguyệt articles on the rite, the custom and how to prepare.
The wording is kept exactly as published by the source. The dotted italic words are blanks for you to fill in.
Sources
- Văn khấn ngày mồng một và ngày rằm hàng tháng (vankhan.vn)
- Văn khấn ngày Mồng 1 tại gia (phatgiao.org.vn)
- Văn khấn cúng rằm tháng Chạp (vtcnews.vn)
- Văn khấn rằm tháng Chạp, mâm cúng và những điều kiêng kỵ (voh.com.vn)
- Văn khấn Rằm tháng Chạp (hoatieu.vn)
- Văn khấn lễ Phật đản tại nhà 2023 (hoatieu.vn)
- Văn khấn cúng Rằm tháng 8 Tết Trung thu của người Việt (Báo Người Lao Động, đăng lại trên tuoitre.vn)
- Văn khấn cúng rằm tháng 10 Âm lịch 2024 tại gia (phatgiao.org.vn)
- Văn khấn Thổ công (vankhan.vn)
Part of the open dataset Types of Vietnamese offering rites and Vietnamese offering procedures, licensed CC BY 4.0.
More prayer textsDeath anniversaries, Tết, the home, business, life-cycle rites and regional rites.Open