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Knowledge articles (40)

Regions

Comparison of traditional funeral rites across regions of Vietnam

Funeral customs across Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam differ in coffin size, burial timing and reburial, with Hue royal culture shaping Central rites.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Si La people: residence, language, worship customs and main festivals

The Si La people live in Muong Te, Lai Chau, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, worship ancestors, and hold the altar rite, New Year and new rice festivals.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Ha Nhi People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Ha Nhi live along Vietnam's Chinese and Lao borders in Lai Chau and Lao Cai, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and worship ancestors by household.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Cong Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

Vietnam's Cong people live mainly in Lai Chau, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and keep ancestor worship and their own festivals.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The La Hu People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The La Hu live mainly in Muong Te, Lai Chau, and speak a Tibeto-Burman language. Their ancestor worship and main festivals are described here.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Lo Lo People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Lo Lo live in Ha Giang, Cao Bang and Lao Cai, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, and are split into the Flowery Lo Lo and Black Lo Lo.

Folk taboos

Folk Beliefs About Taboos When a Household Has a Funeral

Folk belief holds that a funeral brings cold air affecting the living, so the sick stay away. Eastern medicine links this to yin-yang imbalance.

Life-cycle rites

Traditional Vietnamese Funeral Customs and Their Meaning

Explore the main rites of a traditional Vietnamese funeral, from encoffining and mourning attire to burial and the 49-day rites, and their cultural meaning.

Life-cycle rites

Traditional Vietnamese Funerals: Cultural Significance and Common Forms

Explore the deep cultural significance of traditional Vietnamese funerals, common burial forms, and trends of change in modern society.

Life-cycle rites

Traditional funerals in Hue: solemn rituals and the journey towards a civilized way of life

Hue funerals are a meticulous ritual system expressing filial piety and sacred farewell, now facing renewal under Decision 2322/QD-UBND to fit urban life.

Regions

Comparing Mid-Autumn Festival customs across Northern, Central, and Southern Vietnam

Mid-Autumn Festival customs differ across Northern, Central, and Southern Vietnam, from northern rituals to lively Central festivals and Southern gift-giving.

Regions

Comparing Ancestor Worship Customs Across Vietnamese Regions

Ancestor worship in Vietnam differs by region: the North is formal with multi-tiered trays, Hue is elaborate, and the South is simpler yet refined.

Traditional food

Traditional Ancestral Worship Trays by Region

Vietnamese ancestral worship trays reflect regional character: the North favors formality, the Central region is lavish, and the South is simple yet refined.

Regions

Comparing Traditional Wedding Customs Across Three Regions of Vietnam

Discover distinctive wedding customs of Northern, Central, and Southern Vietnam: from offerings, rituals to philosophies, helping you understand Vietnam's cultural diversity.

Regions

Comparing Tet Feast Trays Across Northern, Central, and Southern Vietnam

Tet feast trays in Northern, Central, and Southern Vietnam differ in ingredients and meaning, from banh chung in the North to banh tet in the South.

Traditional food

Southern Bánh Tét: a Tet offering wrapping up the wish for family reunion

Southern bánh tét is a signature Tet offering that symbolizes prosperity and family reunion. See its origins, meaning and traditional wrapping methods.

Vietnamese commemorative days

Reunification Day April 30: Historical Significance

April 30, 1975 marks the moment liberation tanks crashed through the gates of Independence Palace, ending 30 years of war and 21 years of division.

Regions

Tet cakes of Vietnam's three regions: banh chung, banh tet, and cakes found in only one region

Tet cakes differ across Vietnam's three regions: the North has banh chung and banh phu the, the Center has banh to and banh in, the South has banh tet.

Folk belief

The Worship of Ca Ong: The Guardian Deity of Central Vietnamese Fishermen

Ca Ong worship among central Vietnamese fishermen: its origins, rituals, tomb architecture and the maritime beliefs behind a whale seen as a rescuer at sea.

Traditional dress

Ao Tu Than (Four-Panel Dress): Origins and Features of Northern Vietnamese Traditional Costume

Explore the origins, four-panel construction, variations, and cultural significance of Ao Tu Than, the iconic traditional dress of Northern Vietnamese women.

Regions

Culture of the Mekong Delta: river life, floating markets and festivals of the Cuu Long River Delta

Mekong Delta culture grew from reclaiming southern lands and life along its rivers and canals, with floating markets and over 1,230 festivals.

Traditional festivals

The Whale Worship Belief and Nghinh Ong Festival of Coastal Fishermen

Whale worship and the Nghinh Ong Festival of Vietnamese coastal fishermen: origins, burial rituals, taboos and festivals in Nghe An and Can Tho.

Traditional festivals

Cau Ngu Festival: The Whale Worship Belief of Central Vietnam Fishermen

Cau Ngu festival honors the Whale God in central Vietnam, with fishermen praying for safe seas and good catches through rituals that bind the community.

Folk belief

Mother Goddess Worship of the Three Palaces: UNESCO Heritage and Harmful Distortions to Distinguish

UNESCO inscribed Mother Goddess Worship of the Three Palaces in 2016, honoring the sky, forest and water Mothers, with Holy Mother Lieu Hanh at its center.

Traditional food

Meanings of Each Fruit in the Five-Fruit Tray for Tet

The five-fruit tray for Tet carries wishes through bananas, pomelos, papayas and mangoes, with regional differences between North and South Vietnam.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

Vietnam's Community of 54 Ethnic Groups: Official List, Distribution and Shared Cultural Traits

Vietnam recognises 54 ethnic groups under the 1979 official list, with the Kinh majority and 53 minority groups spread across all regions.

Folk belief

Worship of Thổ Công and Thổ Địa: Household Land-Guardian Deities

Thổ Công and Thổ Địa guard the land of a Vietnamese home, distinct from the wealth-focused Thần Tài. Explore the Thổ Công–Thổ Địa–Thổ Kỳ triad and its worship.

Folk belief

Whale Worship (Cá Ông) Among Vietnamese Fishing Communities

Cá Ông worship reveres whales as guardian spirits in Vietnamese fishing communities, with roots in the Cham sea god Po Riyak.

Regions

South Central Coast Coastal Culture: Whale Worship, the Cau Ngu Festival, and Fishing Village Life

Whale worship and the Cau Ngu festival form the spiritual core of South Central Coast fishing villages, tied to the sea and fishermen's beliefs.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Tho People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Tho people speak a Viet Muong language and live mainly in western Nghe An and Thanh Hoa, with their own worship of spirits, ancestors and midwife deities.

Folk belief

The Mother Goddess Worship of Tam Phu and the Hau Dong Ritual in Vietnamese Spiritual Life

The Mother Goddess Worship of Tam Phu venerates the Holy Mothers and deities of the universe, guiding people toward a practical life.

Tarot

Ace of Swords Tarot Card - Symbolism and In-depth Meaning

The Ace of Swords Tarot card: its sword and crown symbols, plus meanings of truth, breakthroughs, and intellectual power.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Co Tu People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Major Festivals

The Co Tu live in the Truong Son mountains of Quang Nam and Thua Thien Hue, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and hold buffalo sacrifice and reburial rites.

Traditional food

Three Offering Trays on the 15th Day of the 7th Lunar Month: Offerings to Buddha, Ancestors, and Wandering Souls

The 15th day of the 7th lunar month has three offering trays: a vegetarian tray for Buddha, a full tray for ancestors, and one for wandering souls.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Giay People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals

The Giay live mainly in Lao Cai, Ha Giang and Lai Chau, speak a Thai-Kadai language, and keep an altar with three incense bowls.

Life-cycle rites

How to Perform the Groundbreaking Ceremony for Building a House Properly

A guide to the Vietnamese groundbreaking ceremony: choosing an auspicious date, preparing offerings, and the ritual steps.

Tet and seasonal rites

How to Arrange the Mid-Autumn Festival Offering Tray

A detailed step-by-step guide on preparing offerings and arranging the Mid-Autumn Festival tray according to Vietnamese traditions.

Vietnam's ethnic communities

The Khơ Mú People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals

The Khơ Mú speak a Mon-Khmer language and live in Yên Bái, Sơn La, Lai Châu, Thanh Hóa and Nghệ An, worshipping five spirits.

Traditional dress

Traditional Vietnamese Wedding Attire of Yesteryear: Symbols of Solemnity and Destiny

Explore in detail the traditional wedding attire of Vietnamese brides and grooms of old: from ao tac, khan dong, to ao mo ba mo bay. Understand the cultural meanings and differences between the North and the South.

Folk taboos

Traditional Tet Taboos and Customs for Good Luck

Explore traditional Vietnamese Tet taboos: avoiding sweeping, giving fire, breaking things... and the spiritual meanings behind these customs.