The Cong Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
Vietnam's Cong people live mainly in Lai Châu, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and keep ancestor worship and their own festivals.
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Vietnam's Cong people live mainly in Lai Châu, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and keep ancestor worship and their own festivals.
The La Hủ live mainly in Mường Tè, Lai Châu, and speak a Tibeto-Burman language. Their ancestor worship and main festivals are described here.
The Phù Lá people include the Phù Lá Lão, Phù Lá Đen and Phù Lá Hán groups, living in Hà Giang, Lào Cai, Yên Bái and Lai Châu.
The Lự people speak a Tày-Thái language and live mainly in Lai Châu, with worship customs and festivals tied to their own calendar.
The Khmer (Khơ Me) numbered 1,319,652 in the 2019 survey, live mainly in the Mekong Delta, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship Buddha and ancestors.
The Si La people live in Mường Tè, Lai Châu, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, worship ancestors, and hold the altar rite, New Year and new rice festivals.
Vietnam's Thai ethnic group includes the Black and White branches, speaks the Tay-Thai language, lives in ban-muong villages, and worships ancestors.
The Ha Nhi live along Vietnam's Chinese and Lao borders in Lai Châu and Lào Cai, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and worship ancestors by household.
The Lao in Vietnam call themselves Thay and Thay Duồn, speak a Tay-Thai language, live in Điện Biên, Lai Châu and Sơn La, and keep ancestor altars.
The Lô Lô live in Hà Giang, Cao Bằng and Lào Cai, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, and are split into the Flowery Lô Lô and Black Lô Lô.
The Bo Y ethnic group includes the Bo Y and Tu Dí subgroups in Hà Giang and Lào Cai, with two language families and distinct worship and festival customs.
The Dao are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups. Where they live, their Hmong-Dao language, ancestor and Bàn Vương worship, and cap sac rites.
The Tay are Vietnam's largest ethnic minority. They live in northeastern valleys, speak a Tay-Thai language, worship ancestors, and hold long tong festivals.
The Muong ethnic group speaks a Viet-Muong language and lives mainly in Hòa Bình, Thanh Hóa and Phú Thọ, with mo epics, festivals and worship customs.
The Ba Na live in Gia Lai, Kon Tum and western Bình Định, Phú Yên and Khánh Hoà, speak a Mon-Khmer language and keep many community festivals.
The Hoa (Han) are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups: where they live, their language, ancestor worship customs, and festivals like Tết Nguyên tieu.
The Ma live in Lâm Đồng and Đồng Nai, speak a Mon-Khmer language with no script, worship Yang spirits and hold a buffalo sacrifice after harvest.
The Mang are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Lai Châu and speaking a Mon-Khmer language. Their worship customs and festivals are covered.
The Xơ Đăng include the Xơ Teng, Tơ Đrá, Mnam, Ca Dong, Ha Lăng, Tà Trĩ and Chau subgroups in Kon Tum, Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi, with worship of Kiak spirits.
The O Du people speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Tương Dương, Nghệ An, known for the thunder welcoming festival and the house spirit cult.
The Mong ethnic group (Meo, H'Mong) had 1,393,547 people in the 2019 census, including White, Flowered, Red, Black, and Green Mong subgroups.
The Sán Dìu are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, speaking a Guangdong Chinese dialect in the northern midlands, with distinctive worship customs.
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The Tho people speak a Việt Mường language and live mainly in western Nghệ An and Thanh Hoá, with their own worship of spirits, ancestors and midwife deities.
The Chut people of Vietnam include the May, Ruc, Sach, Arem and Mã Liềng subgroups, living mainly in the mountains of Quảng Bình.
The La Ha people live in Yên Bái and Sơn La, with a 2019 population of 10,157. Their housing, marriage and worship customs are covered here.
The Cờ Lao live mainly in Hà Giang and speak a Ka Đai language. They worship ancestors, the earth god, and rice spirits.
The Xinh Mun speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Sơn La and Lai Châu, with bridegroom service and two-generation ancestor worship.
The Rơ Măm people belong to the Mon-Khmer language group and live mainly in Kon Tum. Learn about their language, worship customs and main festivals.
The La Chí people live mainly in Hà Giang, speak a Ka Đai language, keep a separate altar for each man in the house, and hold folk games during Tet.
The Giay live mainly in Lào Cai, Hà Giang and Lai Châu, speak a Thai-Kadai language, and keep an altar with three incense bowls.
The Kinh (Viet) are 86.83% of Vietnam's population and speak Vietnamese of the Việt Mường group. Their villages and ancestor worship are covered here.
The Tà Ôi live in western Quảng Trị and Thừa Thiên Huế, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship spirits with festivals tied to the swidden farming cycle.
The Gia Rai speak a Malayo-Polynesian language and live mainly in Gia Lai, Kon Tum and Đắk Lắk, with a matrilineal society that worships Yang spirits.
The Pà Thẻn live in Hà Giang and Tuyên Quang and speak a Hmông-Dao language. Their customs include ancestor worship and the new rice ceremony.
The Mnong speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Đắk Lắk and Lâm Đồng, with matrilineal culture and buffalo sacrifice at the new rice festival.
The Co live in northwestern Quảng Ngãi and southwestern Quảng Nam, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and hold a buffalo sacrifice as their largest festival.
The Brau are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Kon Tum. This article covers their language, worship customs, festivals and cultural life.
The Nung live mainly in Vietnam's northeastern provinces and speak a Tay-Thai language. Their customs center on ancestor worship and festivals.
The Ngái are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, with a very small population living scattered across Quảng Ninh, Hải Phòng, Bắc Giang, Lạng Sơn and Cao Bằng.
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