Vietnam's Community of 54 Ethnic Groups: Official List, Distribution and Shared Cultural Traits
Vietnam recognises 54 ethnic groups under the 1979 official list, with the Kinh majority and 53 minority groups spread across all regions.
Results for "54 ethnic groups"
The Co Tu People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Major Festivals
The Co Tu live in the Trường Sơn mountains of Quảng Nam and Thừa Thiên Huế, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and hold buffalo sacrifice and reburial rites.
The Tho People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Tho people speak a Việt Mường language and live mainly in western Nghệ An and Thanh Hoá, with their own worship of spirits, ancestors and midwife deities.
The Brau People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Brau are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Kon Tum. This article covers their language, worship customs, festivals and cultural life.
The Sán Dìu Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Customs of Worship and Main Festivals
The Sán Dìu are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, speaking a Guangdong Chinese dialect in the northern midlands, with distinctive worship customs.
Hexagram 54 Lei Ze Gui Mei (歸妹): Entering a New Bond Without the Initiative
Hexagram 54 Lei Ze Gui Mei in the I Ching covers entering a bond without holding the initiative, with the judgment, six line texts and the Image.
Why do worship customs differ across regions and ethnic groups in Vietnam?
Vietnamese worship customs vary by region and ethnicity through environment, migration, and cultural exchange, not through one practice being more correct.
The Rong House in the Cultural Life of the Central Highlands Ethnic Groups
The Rong house is the cultural and spiritual heart of Central Highlands villages, hosting rituals, dispute resolution, and production planning.
Which ethnic groups in Vietnam celebrate their own New Year separately from Tết Nguyên Đán?
Which peoples in Vietnam keep their own New Year apart from Tết Nguyên Đán? The Mông, Hà Nhì, Khmer, Chăm and others, as reported in the press.
The O Du Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The O Du people speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Tương Dương, Nghệ An, known for the thunder welcoming festival and the house spirit cult.
The Hoa (also called Han) ethnic group: residence, language, worship customs, and main festivals
The Hoa (Han) are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups: where they live, their language, ancestor worship customs, and festivals like Tết Nguyên tieu.
Dao Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Dao are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups. Where they live, their Hmong-Dao language, ancestor and Bàn Vương worship, and cap sac rites.
The Mang Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Mang are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Lai Châu and speaking a Mon-Khmer language. Their worship customs and festivals are covered.
The Ma Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Ma live in Lâm Đồng and Đồng Nai, speak a Mon-Khmer language with no script, worship Yang spirits and hold a buffalo sacrifice after harvest.
Khmer Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Khmer (Khơ Me) numbered 1,319,652 in the 2019 survey, live mainly in the Mekong Delta, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship Buddha and ancestors.
Comparing Lunar New Year of the Kinh, Chôl Chnăm Thmay of the Khmer, and Ethnic Groups Celebrating New Year by Their Own Calendars
Comparing Lunar New Year of the Kinh, Chôl Chnăm Thmay of the Khmer, and ethnic groups with their own calendars: timing, offerings, rituals, and names.
The Bo Y Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Bo Y ethnic group includes the Bo Y and Tu Dí subgroups in Hà Giang and Lào Cai, with two language families and distinct worship and festival customs.
The Mong ethnic group (also called Meo, H'Mong): residence, language, worship customs, and main festivals
The Mong ethnic group (Meo, H'Mong) had 1,393,547 people in the 2019 census, including White, Flowered, Red, Black, and Green Mong subgroups.
Thai Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
Vietnam's Thai ethnic group includes the Black and White branches, speaks the Tay-Thai language, lives in ban-muong villages, and worships ancestors.
Tay Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Tay are Vietnam's largest ethnic minority. They live in northeastern valleys, speak a Tay-Thai language, worship ancestors, and hold long tong festivals.
Xơ Đăng Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Xơ Đăng include the Xơ Teng, Tơ Đrá, Mnam, Ca Dong, Ha Lăng, Tà Trĩ and Chau subgroups in Kon Tum, Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi, with worship of Kiak spirits.
The Lao Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Lao in Vietnam call themselves Thay and Thay Duồn, speak a Tay-Thai language, live in Điện Biên, Lai Châu and Sơn La, and keep ancestor altars.
The Cong Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
Vietnam's Cong people live mainly in Lai Châu, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and keep ancestor worship and their own festivals.
Muong Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Muong ethnic group speaks a Viet-Muong language and lives mainly in Hòa Bình, Thanh Hóa and Phú Thọ, with mo epics, festivals and worship customs.
Muong Ethnic Wedding Customs
Explore the unique wedding customs of the Muong people in Thanh Hóa: from elopement and ancestor worship to bride-price negotiations and wedding day taboos.
National Mong Ethnic Culture Festival: Highland Colors Converge
The National Mong Ethnic Culture Festival rotates among provinces with large Mong populations. Its 4th edition is in Điện Biên in October 2026.
The Nung People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Nung live mainly in Vietnam's northeastern provinces and speak a Tay-Thai language. Their customs center on ancestor worship and festivals.
How do Vietnamese and ethnic minority soul-calling and spirit-calling rituals work?
Soul-calling rites after illness, a fall, fright or a long journey: who performs them, the offerings, how the calling is done, and how ethnic groups differ.
Chu Ru people: where they live, their language, worship customs and main festivals
The Chu Ru are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living in Lâm Đồng and Ninh Thuận and speaking a Malayo-Polynesian language.
What Makes the Customs of Vietnam's Ethnic Minorities So Distinctive?
Vietnam's ethnic minorities have their own marriage rites, house-building practices and worship, shaped by environment and indigenous beliefs.
Tay Ethnic Wedding Customs: From Proposal Ceremony to Matrilocal Residence
Tay weddings move through proposal, engagement, Tet visit and the wedding, with the matrilocal custom of a bride staying with her mother until pregnancy.
Ancient Leaf Books of the May People, a Chut Ethnic Subgroup
Ancient leaf books of the May people, a Chut subgroup, held incantations and ritual texts, and the artisans who can read them have nearly vanished.
The Ngái People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Ngái are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, with a very small population living scattered across Quảng Ninh, Hải Phòng, Bắc Giang, Lạng Sơn and Cao Bằng.
The Pu Péo People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Pu Péo number 903 people as of 2019, living in Hà Giang and speaking a Ka Đai language. Learn their worship customs, weddings, funerals and Tet festivals.
The Sán Chay People (Cao Lan, Sán Chỉ): Residence, Language, Worship Practices and Main Festivals
The Sán Chay people include the Cao Lan and Sán Chỉ groups of northeast Vietnam. Their languages, stilt houses, altars and festivals are covered here.
The Khơ Mú People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Khơ Mú speak a Mon-Khmer language and live in Yên Bái, Sơn La, Lai Châu, Thanh Hóa and Nghệ An, worshipping five spirits.
Kinh (Viet) People: Residence, Language, Ancestor Worship and Major Festivals
The Kinh (Viet) are 86.83% of Vietnam's population and speak Vietnamese of the Việt Mường group. Their villages and ancestor worship are covered here.
The Lô Lô People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Lô Lô live in Hà Giang, Cao Bằng and Lào Cai, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, and are split into the Flowery Lô Lô and Black Lô Lô.
The Phù Lá People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Phù Lá people include the Phù Lá Lão, Phù Lá Đen and Phù Lá Hán groups, living in Hà Giang, Lào Cai, Yên Bái and Lai Châu.
Mnong People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Mnong speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Đắk Lắk and Lâm Đồng, with matrilineal culture and buffalo sacrifice at the new rice festival.
The Khang People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Khang people speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Lai Châu and Sơn La. Their worship customs and main festivals are covered here.
The Ra Glai People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Ra Glai live in south-central Vietnam, speak a Malayo-Polynesian language, and hold farming rituals and worship customs.
The Lự People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Lự people speak a Tày-Thái language and live mainly in Lai Châu, with worship customs and festivals tied to their own calendar.
Ba Na Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Ba Na live in Gia Lai, Kon Tum and western Bình Định, Phú Yên and Khánh Hoà, speak a Mon-Khmer language and keep many community festivals.
Festivals and folk beliefs of the 54 ethnic groups of Vietnam
Festivals, rites and worship customs of the 54 ethnic groups of Vietnam, one row per festival, with each group's home region and language family. Extracted from 54 Nhật Nguyệt articles; every row cites the article it came from.
Vietnamese offering procedures
407 rows of offering procedures: each row is how one rite is performed in one region within one tradition, with timing, place of offering, officiant, offerings with catalogue codes, order of steps, things to avoid and practical notes, plus the addresses of the source pages or the titles of source books. Where sources disagree is recorded in the ghi_chu column.
Vietnamese offering prayers (văn cúng)
456 prayers, orations, petitions and repentance verses in use, in print and online in Vietnam, one text per row with its rite type, part of the rite, region, tradition, text family, variants and fill-in slots. The wording is kept in Vietnamese as the source gives it; 348 texts carry the name and address of the source page, 108 are collected texts whose source is not named.