La Ha People: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The La Ha people live in Yên Bái and Sơn La, with a 2019 population of 10,157. Their housing, marriage and worship customs are covered here.
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The La Ha people live in Yên Bái and Sơn La, with a 2019 population of 10,157. Their housing, marriage and worship customs are covered here.
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The Nung live mainly in Vietnam's northeastern provinces and speak a Tay-Thai language. Their customs center on ancestor worship and festivals.
The La Hủ live mainly in Mường Tè, Lai Châu, and speak a Tibeto-Burman language. Their ancestor worship and main festivals are described here.
The Ha Nhi live along Vietnam's Chinese and Lao borders in Lai Châu and Lào Cai, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and worship ancestors by household.
The Khmer (Khơ Me) numbered 1,319,652 in the 2019 survey, live mainly in the Mekong Delta, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship Buddha and ancestors.
Vietnam's Thai ethnic group includes the Black and White branches, speaks the Tay-Thai language, lives in ban-muong villages, and worships ancestors.
The Lao in Vietnam call themselves Thay and Thay Duồn, speak a Tay-Thai language, live in Điện Biên, Lai Châu and Sơn La, and keep ancestor altars.
The Bo Y ethnic group includes the Bo Y and Tu Dí subgroups in Hà Giang and Lào Cai, with two language families and distinct worship and festival customs.
The Dao are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups. Where they live, their Hmong-Dao language, ancestor and Bàn Vương worship, and cap sac rites.
The Ruc, a Chut subgroup in the Trường Sơn mountains, worship mountain and forest deities and hold that the dead return to the sacred forest.
The Tay are Vietnam's largest ethnic minority. They live in northeastern valleys, speak a Tay-Thai language, worship ancestors, and hold long tong festivals.
The Muong ethnic group speaks a Viet-Muong language and lives mainly in Hòa Bình, Thanh Hóa and Phú Thọ, with mo epics, festivals and worship customs.
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The Hoa (Han) are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups: where they live, their language, ancestor worship customs, and festivals like Tết Nguyên tieu.
The Ma live in Lâm Đồng and Đồng Nai, speak a Mon-Khmer language with no script, worship Yang spirits and hold a buffalo sacrifice after harvest.
The Mang are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Lai Châu and speaking a Mon-Khmer language. Their worship customs and festivals are covered.
Vietnam's Cong people live mainly in Lai Châu, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and keep ancestor worship and their own festivals.
The Xơ Đăng include the Xơ Teng, Tơ Đrá, Mnam, Ca Dong, Ha Lăng, Tà Trĩ and Chau subgroups in Kon Tum, Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi, with worship of Kiak spirits.
The Si La people in Lai Châu celebrate Tet early, timing it to the harvest and peach blossoms, with black pig rituals and double chung cakes.
The O Du people speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Tương Dương, Nghệ An, known for the thunder welcoming festival and the house spirit cult.
The Mong ethnic group (Meo, H'Mong) had 1,393,547 people in the 2019 census, including White, Flowered, Red, Black, and Green Mong subgroups.
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Sơn Hạ Hỏa in the Sexagenary Cycle covers Bính Thân and Đinh Dậu, its Fire element traits, and the colors that support balance.
The Sán Dìu are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, speaking a Guangdong Chinese dialect in the northern midlands, with distinctive worship customs.
The wedding customs of the Black Thai in Sơn La include free courtship, a trial groom service, and the Tằng cẩu hair-bunning rite.
Lập Hạ, the 7th solar term, opens summer when the Sun reaches 45 degrees of longitude, usually on 5 or 6 May. How it is calculated and its customs.
Thiên Hà Thủy is the Na Yin for Bính Ngọ and Đinh Mùi years, belonging to the Water element, symbolizing vastness, purity and flexibility.
The Phù Lá people include the Phù Lá Lão, Phù Lá Đen and Phù Lá Hán groups, living in Hà Giang, Lào Cai, Yên Bái and Lai Châu.
The traditional costumes of the Lô Lô people in Hà Giang are a brocade masterpiece, with hand embroidery and vivid colors on pants, shirts, scarves and hats.
The Si La people live in Mường Tè, Lai Châu, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, worship ancestors, and hold the altar rite, New Year and new rice festivals.
Hạ Chí begins when the Sun reaches 90 degrees of solar longitude; from 2012 to 2043 it falls on 21 June, Vietnam time. Start times 2025 to 2030, old customs.
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The Hà Nhì read pig liver at the start of the year to predict fortune, harvest and health, a spiritual custom tied to farming life.
Hà Nam's Đọi Sơn Tich Dien Festival runs from the 5th to the 7th day of the first lunar month, reenacting King Lê Đại Hành's 987 plowing ritual.
Khụ Sự Chà, the Hà Nhì New Rice Festival in Mường Nhé, Điện Biên, thanks ancestors with floating cakes, pig liver divination and glutinous rice pounding.
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Vietnam recognises 54 ethnic groups under the 1979 official list, with the Kinh majority and 53 minority groups spread across all regions.
The Lự people speak a Tày-Thái language and live mainly in Lai Châu, with worship customs and festivals tied to their own calendar.
The Lô Lô live in Hà Giang, Cao Bằng and Lào Cai, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, and are split into the Flowery Lô Lô and Black Lô Lô.
The Hre live in western Quảng Ngãi and An Lão in Bình Định, speak a Mon-Khmer language and hold the buffalo sacrifice as their largest rite.
The Ra Glai live in south-central Vietnam, speak a Malayo-Polynesian language, and hold farming rituals and worship customs.
The Ê Đê live mainly in Đắk Lắk, southern Gia Lai, western Phú Yên and Khánh Hòa, speak a Malayo-Polynesian language and follow matrilineal customs.
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