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According to documents from VietnamPlus, the term "Thăng Long Four Guards" appears in writing very late, in 1956, in the book "Thăng Long co tich khao tinh hoi do" by Đặng Xuân Khanh. However, some of the temples had already been positioned on the Hồng Đức map of 1490, and researchers believe the Four Guards structure may have been formed much earlier than the term.
From the article “Hoàn Kiếm Lake in the Spiritual Layout of Thăng Long: Where the Legend of the Returned Sword Stands Among the Four Guardian Temples”
Hoàn Kiếm Lake is not one of Thăng Long's four guardian temples, yet the returned sword legend sits at the old capital's spiritual center.
The 1010 Edict on the Relocation of the Capital describes Đại La as the center of heaven and earth, with the posture of a coiling dragon and crouching tiger.
Thăng Long Tứ Tran is four temples guarding the old capital: Bạch Mã in the east, Voi Phục in the west, Kim Liên in the south, Quán Thánh in the north.
A guide to the Thăng Long Tu Tran spring pilgrimage: the order of the four temples, what to pray at each, and mistakes first-timers often make.
Bạch Mã Temple in Hanoi guards the East of Thăng Long's Four Guardian Temples and worships Long Đỗ, the city's tutelary god.
Ngũ Xã bronze casting village in Hanoi has over 400 years of history, known for sophisticated techniques and artworks of Thăng Long spirit.
What the 'Elegant Tràng An People' verse means: the eating and speaking customs it describes, and what survives in Hanoi today.
Vietnam's October 2026 festival calendar: Côn Sơn Kiếp Bạc, Lam Kinh, Katê, Sene Dolta, Hanoi Autumn Festival, Keo Pagoda, plus lunar dates.
Nguyễn Trãi, world cultural celebrity, was the soul of the resistance against the Ming and spent years at Côn Sơn writing and reflecting on benevolent rule.
Emperor Quang Trung (Nguyễn Huệ) led the Tây Sơn movement and crushed 290,000 Qing troops at Ngọc Hồi - Đống Đa in 1789.
Vietnamese cultural history appears through village spirit worship, Thành hoàng veneration, the Mother Goddess religion and the Hán Nôm archive.
The Tiên Công Festival on Hà Nam Island, Quảng Ninh runs to the 7th day of the first lunar month, with rites of carrying the elderly.
Vietnamese ancestor worship varies by region, ethnicity and setting, from the central altar to Cửu huyền thất tổ honored in some southern communal houses.
Southern Vietnam worship spans Thành hoàng, Bà Chúa Xứ, Mẫu, whale and ancestor veneration. Its origins, cultural fusion and modern shifts are examined.
Explore the concept of Long and Long Mach in Loan Đầu Feng Shui and Ngũ Quyết: origins, classifications, identification, and practical applications.
Auspicious and inauspicious days classify a whole day by the twelve deities, while auspicious hours classify each two-hour block by that same set.
Hexagram 46 Địa Phong Thăng in the I Ching describes gradual ascent and small efforts accumulating into something great.
Vạn Thắng agarwood carving in Vạn Ninh, Khánh Hòa is a family trade over 100 years old, with 400 households and 700 workers, now eyed for community tourism.
Rằm Tháng Giêng, the lunar year's first full moon, brings temple visits and star-releasing rites, with the saying "a year of offerings cannot match this one.
Rằm tháng 7 is when families make offerings to the Buddha, deities, ancestors and wandering souls, with guidance on timing, the tray and what to avoid.
The Hungry Ghost Festival on the 15th day of the 7th lunar month blends Buddhist and Taoist roots, with offerings for wandering spirits.
November 2026 (23rd of 9th lunar month to 22nd of 10th) brings the Thái Nguyên Tea Festival, Gia Lai Gong Festival, Ok Om Bok, Kathina and more.
Rằm tháng Chạp, the year's last full moon, brings simple offerings to Thổ công and ancestors for thanks and peace, in a tất niên spirit.
How to set out Ram thang Gieng (first full moon) offering trays at home: how many trays, vegetarian or savory dishes, order of offering, layout and taboos.
A step-by-step guide to preparing offerings and arranging full-month and first-birthday trays for your baby, plus the prayer and regional notes.
Is offering the First Full Moon on the 13th or 14th lunar day acceptable, where does the early custom come from, and what should the tray include?
If someone dies in a leap month, in which month is the giỗ held? How tiểu tường, đại tường and the yearly anniversary are counted, per Giác Ngộ.
The 19th of the 2nd, 6th and 9th lunar months mark the three Quán Thế Âm festival days, symbolic Mahayana commemorations.
Ghost Month in the 7th lunar month: its origins, common folk taboos, and the Buddhist view of Vu Lan as a season of gratitude and filial piety.
The full-month ceremony falls one lunar month after birth; by custom boys hold it one day earlier, girls two. How to count it, an example, and offerings.
The First Lunar Month full moon runs from the 14th night to the end of the 15th; families may offer on the 14th evening or 15th morning, sincerely.
A detailed step-by-step guide on preparing offerings and arranging the Mid-Autumn Festival tray according to Vietnamese traditions.
Folk taboos for offerings on the Full Moon and the first day of the lunar month, from choosing fruit and flowers to the incense burner and a reverent mindset.
Mekong Delta culture grew from reclaiming southern lands and life along its rivers and canals, with floating markets and over 1,230 festivals.
Tết Đoan Ngọ worship tray guide: offerings like fermented rice and tro cakes, step-by-step arrangement following regional customs, plus safety notes.
Kathina, the Khmer Theravada robe offering after the three-month rain retreat, runs from the 16th of the ninth lunar month to the full moon of the tenth.
Tả Phù and Hữu Bật in Tử Vi: placed by lunar birth month from Thìn and Tuất, sharing Mùi (month 4) or Sửu (month 10), as read in Vietnamese Tử Vi books.
The ông Công ông Táo ceremony on the 23rd of the 12th lunar month sends the three Kitchen Gods to heaven to report on the family's deeds to the Jade Emperor.
Hùng Kings' Commemoration Day falls on the 10th day of the 3rd lunar month at Đền Hùng temple in Phú Thọ province, honoring the legendary Hùng Kings.
The 10th day of the first lunar month is when many Vietnamese, especially in the South, worship the God of Wealth to pray for a good year.
The Ede longhouse reflects matriarchy in its structure and carvings, and stands as a cultural symbol of the Central Highlands.
Long Đức is a star of the Thái Tuế ring in Vietnamese Tử Vi. See how it is placed from the birth-year Branch and what four Vietnamese books say.
Founding king of the Lý dynasty, the person who decided to move the capital from Hoa Lư to Thăng Long in 1010
