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The Tho people worship many kinds of gods and spirits, especially deities associated with fighting wars and reclaiming land. Within the family, they worship ancestors, hold ceremonies for the midwife goddess when children fall ill, and hold spirit-calling ceremonies for adults on holidays, at Tet or when they are ill. Souls that are not worshipped in the house are honoured with a shrine set up in the open air.
From the article “The Tho People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals”
The "ngu mai" custom of the Tho people in Nghệ An lets young men and women talk overnight at festivals, strictly governed by customary law before marriage.
Thành Đầu Thổ covers the Mậu Dần and Kỷ Mão years. See its Earth element traits, feng shui colors, and generation and control notes.
Lộ Bàng Thổ is the nay am of Canh Ngọ and Tân Mùi years in the Sexagenary Cycle, part of the Earth element in Zi Wei Dou Shu.
Sa Trung Thổ is the nayin for Bính Thìn and Đinh Tỵ years, tied to Earth yet carrying golden sand. It covers origin and feng shui colors.
The Tho people speak a Việt Mường language and live mainly in western Nghệ An and Thanh Hoá, with their own worship of spirits, ancestors and midwife deities.
Thổ Công and Thổ Địa guard the land of a Vietnamese home, distinct from the wealth-focused Thần Tài, worshipped as a triad with Thổ Kỳ.
Thổ Tú is one of the 9 governing stars in Cửu Diệu, classified as a neutral star. This article analyzes its meaning, influence, and the ritual to appease it.
Bích Thượng Thổ (Earth on Wall) is the nay am for Canh Tý and Tân Sửu years, in the Earth element. It means protection and shelter.
Ốc Thượng Thổ is the Na Am of Bính Tuất and Đinh Hợi, an Earth element. It covers Five Elements meaning, traits, and feng shui directions.
Explore Đại Trạch Thổ (Great Estate Earth) in the Sexagenary Cycle: origins, Five Elements characteristics, compatible colors, directions and applications.
A guide to the Vietnamese groundbreaking ceremony: choosing an auspicious date, preparing offerings, and the ritual steps.
Year-end altar cleaning in Vietnam is usually done after the Kitchen Gods rite and before New Year's Eve, by the householder, in three steps.
The Thánh sư altar honours a craft's patron. Learn the three names, altar placement, ritual objects, and offering days per custom books.
Northern Kinh households once set outdoor incense altars to Sơn thần and Thần Hổ, some building shrines to Mộc tinh at old tree bases.
The Lự people speak a Tày-Thái language and live mainly in Lai Châu, with worship customs and festivals tied to their own calendar.
Thần chủ, a jujube wood tablet with name, title and dates, sits on the altar; custom keeps four generations, then the cao tổ tablet is buried at the fifth.
The Giay live mainly in Lào Cai, Hà Giang and Lai Châu, speak a Thai-Kadai language, and keep an altar with three incense bowls.
Ancestor worship is a long-standing Vietnamese custom, a moral standard, and a key part of spiritual life, with altars, death anniversaries, and Tet rituals.
Thành Hoàng is the guardian deity believed to protect each Vietnamese village, worshipped at the communal đình. Its origins, deity types and royal decrees.
The La Chí people live mainly in Hà Giang, speak a Ka Đai language, keep a separate altar for each man in the house, and hold folk games during Tet.
Tet customs of the Dao Quần Chẹt people in Phú Thọ include making chung and day cakes, ancestor worship, and community rituals that mark the new year.
Tet Doi is a festival of the Muong people in Thu Cúc commune, Phú Thọ, to invite the 'rice maidens' back to the village.
Origins, rituals and cultural values of the Hung Kings Temple Festival in Phú Thọ, held on the 10th day of the third lunar month to honor the Hung Kings.
The Mường New Rice Festival in Hương Cần Commune, Phú Thọ falls on the 10th day of the 10th lunar month, when the Lang makes the offering at Khoang Đình.
Thiên Tài and Thiên Thọ are placed from the Mệnh and Thân palaces by year branch. The two Earth stars meet when Mệnh and Thân share a palace.
The traditional costumes of the Lô Lô people in Hà Giang are a brocade masterpiece, with hand embroidery and vivid colors on pants, shirts, scarves and hats.
What the Tet flower villages of Sa Đéc, Cái Mơn, Mỹ Tho and An Nhơn grow, when apricot leaves are stripped, and why Sa Đéc grows on racks.
The Kinh (Viet) are 86.83% of Vietnam's population and speak Vietnamese of the Việt Mường group. Their villages and ancestor worship are covered here.
Hát Xoan Phú Thọ is ritual singing at the communal house gate to worship the Hung Kings, performed in three stages by four original Xoan guilds in Việt Trì.
The La Hủ live mainly in Mường Tè, Lai Châu, and speak a Tibeto-Burman language. Their ancestor worship and main festivals are described here.
Though united as one Kinh ethnic culture, ancestor-worship, wedding, and Tết customs differ substantially across North, Central, and South Vietnam.
The longevity celebration honours grandparents and parents at ages 60, 70, 80, 90 or 100, showing filial piety and respect for old age in Vietnamese culture.
Quan Công worship among Vietnam's Chinese community, seen through temples in Châu Đốc and Cà Mau that serve as places of worship and cultural centers.
Hiền Quan Phet Festival in Phú Thọ runs on the 12th and 13th of the first lunar month with palanquin procession, worship, troop march, and phet grabbing.
Ede bridal attire is handwoven brocade on a dark indigo base with red and yellow patterns, also a dowry in matrilineal weddings.
Mỹ Nghiệp village in Ninh Thuận keeps the Cham brocade weaving craft alive, tied to the legend of Goddess Pô Nagar and its heritage today.
The Mother Âu Cơ Temple Festival in Phú Thọ runs on the 6th and 7th of the first lunar month, when female officiants lead rituals.
The grain bin binding ritual of the Nung people in Bắc Kạn is a longevity celebration within the Ky Yen ceremony, wishing elders long life.
The Buddha altar usually sits higher than the ancestor altar, but the exact layout depends on each home's space and regional or family tradition.
The Nàng Hai Festival of the Tay people in Cao Bằng is a national intangible cultural heritage honoring the Moon Mother and her 12 fairy daughters.
The Pà Thẻn live in Hà Giang and Tuyên Quang and speak a Hmông-Dao language. Their customs include ancestor worship and the new rice ceremony.
132 things to avoid and practical notes for Vietnamese offering rites, across 38 rite types, one sentence per row in three languages with the rite, region, tradition, type and source page addresses. Taken only from reviewed procedure rows; it describes custom according to the sources and prescribes nothing.
155 types of Vietnamese offering rites in 15 groups, from ancestor and death-anniversary rites, Tết and the festivals of the year to funerals, communal houses and temples, and the rites of ethnic communities; each with alternative names, timing, recipients, a short description, classification axes (cycle, social setting, beings worshipped, tradition, ethnic group, cultural region), a structured date and sourced passages on its customs. It is the key table for Nhật Nguyệt's datasets on offering prayers and rite customs.
