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One can start with marriage, as this is the richest branch and clearly shows differences between marriage systems. Then study housing and architecture, followed by life-cycle rituals and beliefs, and finally customs tied to seasons and production.
From the article “What Makes the Customs of Vietnam's Ethnic Minorities So Distinctive?”
Under Vietnam's 2019 UNESCO dossier, Then is a Tày, Nùng and Thái ritual led by Then masters, with cầu an and giải hạn rites, songs and the đàn tính lute.
Ramưwan, the month of fasting and prayer of the Chăm Bà Ni: grave visiting, ancestral offerings and the retreat of the dignitaries at the mosque.
Vietnam's ethnic minorities have their own marriage rites, house-building practices and worship, shaped by environment and indigenous beliefs.
Vietnamese folk belief includes ancestor worship, deity worship, Mother Goddess religion, agricultural beliefs, and rituals of many ethnic groups.
Soul-calling rites after illness, a fall, fright or a long journey: who performs them, the offerings, how the calling is done, and how ethnic groups differ.
Explore the rain praying festival of the Thai people in Northwest Vietnam: origins, rituals, spiritual meanings, and its role in agricultural community life.
Explore the unique wedding customs of the Muong people in Thanh Hóa: from elopement and ancestor worship to bride-price negotiations and wedding day taboos.
Vietnam recognises 54 ethnic groups under the 1979 official list, with the Kinh majority and 53 minority groups spread across all regions.
The Tay are Vietnam's largest ethnic minority. They live in northeastern valleys, speak a Tay-Thai language, worship ancestors, and hold long tong festivals.
Explore the sacred forest beliefs of the Pu Péo, an ethnic minority in Hà Giang, to understand their culture, customs, and unique relationship with nature.
The National Mong Ethnic Culture Festival rotates among provinces with large Mong populations. Its 4th edition is in Điện Biên in October 2026.
The Ma live in Lâm Đồng and Đồng Nai, speak a Mon-Khmer language with no script, worship Yang spirits and hold a buffalo sacrifice after harvest.
The Khmer (Khơ Me) numbered 1,319,652 in the 2019 survey, live mainly in the Mekong Delta, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship Buddha and ancestors.
Vietnam's Thai ethnic group includes the Black and White branches, speaks the Tay-Thai language, lives in ban-muong villages, and worships ancestors.
Tay weddings move through proposal, engagement, Tet visit and the wedding, with the matrilocal custom of a bride staying with her mother until pregnancy.
The Ba Na live in Gia Lai, Kon Tum and western Bình Định, Phú Yên and Khánh Hoà, speak a Mon-Khmer language and keep many community festivals.
The Lao in Vietnam call themselves Thay and Thay Duồn, speak a Tay-Thai language, live in Điện Biên, Lai Châu and Sơn La, and keep ancestor altars.
Ancient leaf books of the May people, a Chut subgroup, held incantations and ritual texts, and the artisans who can read them have nearly vanished.
The Bo Y ethnic group includes the Bo Y and Tu Dí subgroups in Hà Giang and Lào Cai, with two language families and distinct worship and festival customs.
Vietnamese worship customs vary by region and ethnicity through environment, migration, and cultural exchange, not through one practice being more correct.
The Sán Dìu are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, speaking a Guangdong Chinese dialect in the northern midlands, with distinctive worship customs.
The Rong house is the cultural and spiritual heart of Central Highlands villages, hosting rituals, dispute resolution, and production planning.
The Ruc, a Chut subgroup in the Trường Sơn mountains, worship mountain and forest deities and hold that the dead return to the sacred forest.
The Dao are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups. Where they live, their Hmong-Dao language, ancestor and Bàn Vương worship, and cap sac rites.
The Muong ethnic group speaks a Viet-Muong language and lives mainly in Hòa Bình, Thanh Hóa and Phú Thọ, with mo epics, festivals and worship customs.
Chicken feet divination at Tet and the new rice ceremony of ethnic minorities aims to predict fate and crops for the new year.
The Hoa (Han) are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups: where they live, their language, ancestor worship customs, and festivals like Tết Nguyên tieu.
The Mang are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Lai Châu and speaking a Mon-Khmer language. Their worship customs and festivals are covered.
The Xơ Đăng include the Xơ Teng, Tơ Đrá, Mnam, Ca Dong, Ha Lăng, Tà Trĩ and Chau subgroups in Kon Tum, Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi, with worship of Kiak spirits.
Vietnam's Cong people live mainly in Lai Châu, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and keep ancestor worship and their own festivals.
Which peoples in Vietnam keep their own New Year apart from Tết Nguyên Đán? The Mông, Hà Nhì, Khmer, Chăm and others, as reported in the press.
The Mong ethnic group (Meo, H'Mong) had 1,393,547 people in the 2019 census, including White, Flowered, Red, Black, and Green Mong subgroups.
The O Du people speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Tương Dương, Nghệ An, known for the thunder welcoming festival and the house spirit cult.
How Lunar New Year among the Hoa of Chợ Lớn differs from Vietnamese Tết: Kitchen God send-off, offerings, bánh tổ, assembly halls, visiting order.
Comparing Lunar New Year of the Kinh, Chôl Chnăm Thmay of the Khmer, and ethnic groups with their own calendars: timing, offerings, rituals, and names.
The 12th Tam Giac Mach Flower Festival opens on 6 November 2026 in Đồng Văn, Tuyên Quang, with blooms from October to December.
Vietnamese people rarely follow one religion; they layer ancestor worship, Thành hoàng, Mother Goddess, Hùng Vương and farming rites in daily life.
The Cham community follows three religious streams: Cham Bàlamôn, Cham Bàni and Chăm Islam, each with its own festivals, from Katê to Ramưwan.
Theravada Buddhism sits at the center of Khmer Krom spiritual life, with the village pagoda and major festivals such as Chôl Chnăm Thmây and Ok Om Bok.
The Ê Đê of Đắk Lắk follow a matrilineal system and worship the Yang spirits. Their grave-abandonment rite sends the dead to the ancestors.
The Lự people speak a Tày-Thái language and live mainly in Lai Châu, with worship customs and festivals tied to their own calendar.
The Ê Đê live mainly in Đắk Lắk, southern Gia Lai, western Phú Yên and Khánh Hòa, speak a Malayo-Polynesian language and follow matrilineal customs.
The Xtieng speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Bình Phước. Their residence, language, worship customs, and main festivals are covered here.
The Co Tu live in the Trường Sơn mountains of Quảng Nam and Thừa Thiên Huế, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and hold buffalo sacrifice and reburial rites.
