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No single test identifies pseudoscience. Philosophy of science uses a cluster of criteria, applied here to 'energy', 'vibration' and 'quantum'.
Before a claim, split it into statement, reason, and evidence, then ask five questions. Common errors include confirmation bias and sunk cost.
What is pseudoscience? A look at the definition, Popper's demarcation criterion, critiques from Duhem, Quine and Kuhn, and the practical stakes involved.
Falsifiability is Karl Popper's test: a theory is scientific only if observation could contradict it. He used astrology as a system that cannot be wrong.
The oldest personal chart is a Babylonian tablet from around the 5th century BCE. This study follows astrology from Mesopotamian omens to Greece and Persia.
Fu Xi, King Wen, the Duke of Zhou and Confucius are all credited with the I Ching, but excavated manuscripts point to a late Western Zhou compilation.
Lunar dates, leap months and solar terms are verifiable astronomy, while auspicious days and lucky stars are a later day-selection layer.
Anthropologists describe feng shui as a symbolic system for reading landscapes and a social tool within lineages. In the West, it became a home decor product.
The numerology system that reads core numbers from names and birth dates took shape in America in the early 20th century with L. Dow Balliett.
Folk belief, harmful superstition and pseudoscience differ in nature. Definitions and examples show how to tell cultural faith from fraud.
Minh 明 is written with Sun and Moon and means brightness. What the Shuowen Jiezi records about it, and how the I Ching links sun, moon and light.
What is the I Ching? Trace its origins in yin and yang lines and the philosophy of Yin-Yang and the Eight Trigrams, from the two symbols to the 64 hexagrams.
Explore the meaning of the 9th house in astrology: life philosophy, travel, higher education, belief, and expansion of vision.
Apply the I Ching in business by reading its 64 hexagrams as archetypal situations, plus the principle of change and the spirit of the Well hexagram.
Yin yang, the Five Elements, the I Ching, Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism: their origins, differences and how these systems blended into Vietnamese culture.
The Wheel of Fortune Tarot card: its origins, Rider-Waite symbolism, upright and reversed meanings, and links to Eastern philosophy.
Tarot 8 of Swords: its symbolism, mental self-bondage, and advice for upright and reversed positions in readings, showing how perception creates barriers.
Explore the in-depth meaning of the Seven of Cups: the symbolism of cups in the clouds, choices, illusions, and advice when this card appears in a spread.
Explore the in-depth meaning of the 8 of Wands in Tarot: its symbolism, swift movement, sudden news, and practical life advice.
The Five of Cups Tarot card means sadness, regret and loss, yet two standing cups behind show hope not yet gone. It invites acceptance and healing.
An in-depth exploration of the 4 of Cups: Rider-Waite symbolism, upright and reversed meanings in love, career, and psychological advice to overcome apathy.
Explore the symbolism and in-depth meaning of the King of Cups Tarot card: emotional maturity, compassion, and mastery over the inner self.
Explore the in-depth meaning of the Three of Swords Tarot card: the pierced heart symbolism, pain, harsh truths, and the healing journey.
Explore the symbolism and in-depth meaning of the Five of Swords Tarot card: conflict, defeat, hollow victory, and the path to healing.
Explore the detailed symbolism, upright and reversed meanings, and practical applications of the Six of Cups card in Tarot spreads.
Tarot 4 of Wands explained: its symbolism, upright and reversed meanings, love and career readings, and its message of celebration and home.
Tarot 2 of Wands: its symbolism, links to Fire, Mars and Aries, plus upright and reversed meanings, and how it speaks of vision and planning.
Explore the in-depth meaning of the 10 of Wands in Tarot: its symbolism, connection to life's burdens, and how to apply its advice in modern life.
The 6 of Wands Tarot card: its symbolism, upright and reversed meanings, the number 6, the Fire element, and use in readings.
Explore the symbolism and in-depth meaning of the Nine of Cups tarot card: joy, fulfillment, gratitude, and caveats for interpretation.
The Eight of Cups Tarot card symbolizes the conscious choice to leave behind what no longer serves you, a journey of letting go and inner transformation.
Discover the deeper meaning of the 7 of Wands in Tarot: its symbolism, upright and reversed positions, and applications in love, career, and personal growth.
The 5 of Wands in Tarot points to conflict, competition and constructive challenge, with its symbolism, origins and upright and reversed meanings.
The 3 of Wands in Tarot: its symbolism, how it differs from the 3 of Pentacles, and advice for love, career and an objective view.
The Two of Cups card signals love, harmony, and equal partnership. Its Rider-Waite imagery points to mutual understanding and healing union in readings.
The Six of Swords symbolizes transition: leaving turbulent seas for calmer waters, a journey through difficulty and healing after the storm.
Explore the deep meaning of the 9 of Wands Tarot card: its symbolism, history, upright and reversed meanings in life areas, and practical applications.
Explore the symbolism and in-depth meaning of the 7 of Swords Tarot card: strategy, deception, solitary action, and advice for overcoming adversity.
Explore the in-depth meaning of the Two of Swords Tarot card: its symbolism, psychological state, love, career, and how to interpret it when it appears.
Tarot Five of Pentacles: the symbolism of two figures, the church window and falling snow, plus its meaning in love, career, finance and health.
Explore the symbolism of the Three of Cups Tarot card, from the image of three dancing women to its meaning of friendship, community, and celebration.
The Nine of Swords Tarot card symbolizes anxiety, insomnia and inner torment, and its meaning is a call to face fears for healing.
Explore the detailed symbolism and in-depth meaning of the Four of Swords Tarot card: stillness, recovery, and the power of pausing to heal.
Explore the symbolism and in-depth meaning of the King of Swords tarot card: wisdom, power, truth, and lessons on clear thinking.
Explore the symbolism and in-depth meaning of the 10 of Swords card in Tarot: endings, pain, and the opportunity for rebirth after crisis.
Discover the symbolism and in-depth meaning of the Knight of Cups tarot card: from imagery, personality, love, career to practical advice.
The Ace of Cups opens the Cups suit, a pure source of emotional energy. Explore its symbolism and its meaning for love, healing and intuition.
The Ace of Swords Tarot card: its sword and crown symbols, plus meanings of truth, breakthroughs, and intellectual power.
