The Lao Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Lao in Vietnam call themselves Thay and Thay Duồn, speak a Tay-Thai language, live in Điện Biên, Lai Châu and Sơn La, and keep ancestor altars.
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The Lao in Vietnam call themselves Thay and Thay Duồn, speak a Tay-Thai language, live in Điện Biên, Lai Châu and Sơn La, and keep ancestor altars.
Kin Pang Then is the early-spring rite of the White Thái, led by Then masters to thank the spirits and their disciples; it is held in Mường Lay, Điện Biên.
The Cờ Lao live mainly in Hà Giang and speak a Ka Đai language. They worship ancestors, the earth god, and rice spirits.
Bunpimay, the Lao New Year in Vietnam, also called Bun Huột Nặm: offerings to the spirits, wrist-thread tying and water splashing in mid April.
Sử Giề Pà, the buffalo thanksgiving of the Bố Y in Lào Cai, falls on the 8th day of the 4th lunar month, with a shared offering tray for the village.
The Chùa Ông festival on Cù Lao Phố (Thất phủ cổ miếu, Đồng Nai), 9th to 13th of the first lunar month: Quan Công worship, rites, national heritage in 2023.
The Phù Lá people include the Phù Lá Lão, Phù Lá Đen and Phù Lá Hán groups, living in Hà Giang, Lào Cai, Yên Bái and Lai Châu.
Kinh Phòng (Jing Fang) of the Han: his life in the Book of Han, and the nạp giáp and eight-palace systems set out in Kinh thị Dịch truyện.
The Giay live mainly in Lào Cai, Hà Giang and Lai Châu, speak a Thai-Kadai language, and keep an altar with three incense bowls.
The Hre live in western Quảng Ngãi and An Lão in Bình Định, speak a Mon-Khmer language and hold the buffalo sacrifice as their largest rite.
The Bo Y ethnic group includes the Bo Y and Tu Dí subgroups in Hà Giang and Lào Cai, with two language families and distinct worship and festival customs.
Vietnam recognises 54 ethnic groups under the 1979 official list, with the Kinh majority and 53 minority groups spread across all regions.
Đào Nhật Tân is prized for its thick-petaled đào bích and đào phai. Learn the varieties, Nhật Tân growing craft, and Hanoi's Tet peach tradition.
Tết Nhảy of the Dao: the Pút tồng rite of the Red Dao in Lào Cai and the dance rite of the Dao Quần Chẹt, with their timing, dances and meaning.
An overview of traditional Vietnamese festivals: agricultural, religious, commemorative, and ethnic festivals. Classification, meaning, and cultural value.
Vietnamese mooncakes come as baked bánh nướng and soft bánh dẻo. Where they are said to come from, and what the traditional fillings are.
The mùng 1 ancestor prayer text has five parts, with variants in wording and in the order of honoring deities versus ancestors.
UNESCO recognized the Gong Culture Space of the Central Highlands in 2005. Gongs shape the spiritual life of the Ê Đê, Ba Na and Gia Rai.
The Mother Goddess Worship of Tam Phu venerates the Holy Mothers and deities of the universe, guiding people toward a practical life.
November 2026 (23rd of 9th lunar month to 22nd of 10th) brings the Thái Nguyên Tea Festival, Gia Lai Gong Festival, Ok Om Bok, Kathina and more.
The Ha Nhi live along Vietnam's Chinese and Lao borders in Lai Châu and Lào Cai, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and worship ancestors by household.
The Tay are Vietnam's largest ethnic minority. They live in northeastern valleys, speak a Tay-Thai language, worship ancestors, and hold long tong festivals.
Vietnam's Thai ethnic group includes the Black and White branches, speaks the Tay-Thai language, lives in ban-muong villages, and worships ancestors.
The Lô Lô live in Hà Giang, Cao Bằng and Lào Cai, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, and are split into the Flowery Lô Lô and Black Lô Lô.
Rija Nâgar is the main new year rite of the Brahmanist Chăm: a prayer for good rain and harvest and a sending off of the misfortunes of the old year.
The O Du people speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Tương Dương, Nghệ An, known for the thunder welcoming festival and the house spirit cult.
Vietnam's Cong people live mainly in Lai Châu, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and keep ancestor worship and their own festivals.
Giong Festival at Soc Temple and Phù Đổng Temple in Hanoi honors Saint Giong, with its rituals and UNESCO heritage status.
The La Chí people live mainly in Hà Giang, speak a Ka Đai language, keep a separate altar for each man in the house, and hold folk games during Tet.
The Tà Ôi live in western Quảng Trị and Thừa Thiên Huế, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship spirits with festivals tied to the swidden farming cycle.
The Mong ethnic group (Meo, H'Mong) had 1,393,547 people in the 2019 census, including White, Flowered, Red, Black, and Green Mong subgroups.
Trạng Trình Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm was a 16th century cultural celebrity. His temple in Vĩnh Bảo, Hải Phòng, is a special national relic.
The La Ha people live in Yên Bái and Sơn La, with a 2019 population of 10,157. Their housing, marriage and worship customs are covered here.
Cư trần lạc đạo phú by Trần Nhân Tông: ten sections in Nôm and a closing verse in Hán, on living in the world while delighting in the Way.
Hexagram 48, Thủy Phong Tỉnh, the Well, teaches that the village may change but the well does not, nourishing people without moving.
The Si La people live in Mường Tè, Lai Châu, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, worship ancestors, and hold the altar rite, New Year and new rice festivals.
The Khơ Mú speak a Mon-Khmer language and live in Yên Bái, Sơn La, Lai Châu, Thanh Hóa and Nghệ An, worshipping five spirits.
The Muong ethnic group speaks a Viet-Muong language and lives mainly in Hòa Bình, Thanh Hóa and Phú Thọ, with mo epics, festivals and worship customs.
Year-start star offerings follow Cửu Diệu annual stars, not Buddhist doctrine; a 2019 Sangha directive limits pagodas to cầu an.
The Ngái are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, with a very small population living scattered across Quảng Ninh, Hải Phòng, Bắc Giang, Lạng Sơn and Cao Bằng.
The Yên Tử Festival honours Emperor-Buddha Trần Nhân Tông, founder of the Trúc Lâm Zen sect, with its rituals and spiritual meaning.
The Khmer (Khơ Me) numbered 1,319,652 in the 2019 survey, live mainly in the Mekong Delta, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship Buddha and ancestors.
The Nguyễn Trung Trực Memorial Festival in Kiên Giang runs each year from the 26th to 28th of the 8th lunar month, honoring the hero who died in 1868.
A famous female poet with the poems Sóng, Thuyền và biển, Gió Lào cát trắng, Tự hát; posthumously awarded the Hồ Chí Minh Prize in literature and the arts.