Vietnam's Community of 54 Ethnic Groups: Official List, Distribution and Shared Cultural Traits
Vietnam recognises 54 ethnic groups under the 1979 official list, with the Kinh majority and 53 minority groups spread across all regions.
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Khmer Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main FestivalsThai Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main FestivalsThe Lao Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main FestivalsThe Bo Y Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main FestivalsDao Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main FestivalsThe Mountain and Forest Spirit Worship of the Ruc People (Chut Ethnic Group)
The Nung People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Nung live mainly in Vietnam's northeastern provinces and speak a Tay-Thai language. Their customs center on ancestor worship and festivals.
Tay Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Tay are Vietnam's largest ethnic minority. They live in northeastern valleys, speak a Tay-Thai language, worship ancestors, and hold long tong festivals.
Thai Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
Vietnam's Thai ethnic group includes the Black and White branches, speaks the Tay-Thai language, lives in ban-muong villages, and worships ancestors.
The Lao Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Lao in Vietnam call themselves Thay and Thay Duồn, speak a Tay-Thai language, live in Điện Biên, Lai Châu and Sơn La, and keep ancestor altars.
Khmer Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Khmer (Khơ Me) numbered 1,319,652 in the 2019 survey, live mainly in the Mekong Delta, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship Buddha and ancestors.
The Bo Y Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Bo Y ethnic group includes the Bo Y and Tu Dí subgroups in Hà Giang and Lào Cai, with two language families and distinct worship and festival customs.
Dao Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Dao are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups. Where they live, their Hmong-Dao language, ancestor and Bàn Vương worship, and cap sac rites.
The Mountain and Forest Spirit Worship of the Ruc People (Chut Ethnic Group)
The Ruc, a Chut subgroup in the Trường Sơn mountains, worship mountain and forest deities and hold that the dead return to the sacred forest.
Muong Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Muong ethnic group speaks a Viet-Muong language and lives mainly in Hòa Bình, Thanh Hóa and Phú Thọ, with mo epics, festivals and worship customs.
Ba Na Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Ba Na live in Gia Lai, Kon Tum and western Bình Định, Phú Yên and Khánh Hoà, speak a Mon-Khmer language and keep many community festivals.
The Hoa (also called Han) ethnic group: residence, language, worship customs, and main festivals
The Hoa (Han) are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups: where they live, their language, ancestor worship customs, and festivals like Tết Nguyên tieu.
The Ma Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Ma live in Lâm Đồng and Đồng Nai, speak a Mon-Khmer language with no script, worship Yang spirits and hold a buffalo sacrifice after harvest.
The Mang Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Mang are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Lai Châu and speaking a Mon-Khmer language. Their worship customs and festivals are covered.
The Cong Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
Vietnam's Cong people live mainly in Lai Châu, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and keep ancestor worship and their own festivals.
Xơ Đăng Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Xơ Đăng include the Xơ Teng, Tơ Đrá, Mnam, Ca Dong, Ha Lăng, Tà Trĩ and Chau subgroups in Kon Tum, Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi, with worship of Kiak spirits.
The O Du Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The O Du people speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Tương Dương, Nghệ An, known for the thunder welcoming festival and the house spirit cult.
The Mong ethnic group (also called Meo, H'Mong): residence, language, worship customs, and main festivals
The Mong ethnic group (Meo, H'Mong) had 1,393,547 people in the 2019 census, including White, Flowered, Red, Black, and Green Mong subgroups.
The Sán Dìu Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Customs of Worship and Main Festivals
The Sán Dìu are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, speaking a Guangdong Chinese dialect in the northern midlands, with distinctive worship customs.
Muong Ethnic Wedding Customs
Explore the unique wedding customs of the Muong people in Thanh Hóa: from elopement and ancestor worship to bride-price negotiations and wedding day taboos.
National Mong Ethnic Culture Festival: Highland Colors Converge
The National Mong Ethnic Culture Festival rotates among provinces with large Mong populations. Its 4th edition is in Điện Biên in October 2026.
What Makes the Customs of Vietnam's Ethnic Minorities So Distinctive?
Vietnam's ethnic minorities have their own marriage rites, house-building practices and worship, shaped by environment and indigenous beliefs.
Tay Ethnic Wedding Customs: From Proposal Ceremony to Matrilocal Residence
Tay weddings move through proposal, engagement, Tet visit and the wedding, with the matrilocal custom of a bride staying with her mother until pregnancy.
Ancient Leaf Books of the May People, a Chut Ethnic Subgroup
Ancient leaf books of the May people, a Chut subgroup, held incantations and ritual texts, and the artisans who can read them have nearly vanished.
Cardinal Signs in Astrology: Traits and the Signs of the Group
Aries, Cancer, Libra and Capricorn are the Cardinal signs. Their shared traits, strengths and weaknesses, and their role as initiators.
Rain Praying Festival of the Thai Ethnic People: Agricultural Beliefs and Cultural Identity
Explore the rain praying festival of the Thai people in Northwest Vietnam: origins, rituals, spiritual meanings, and its role in agricultural community life.
Why do worship customs differ across regions and ethnic groups in Vietnam?
Vietnamese worship customs vary by region and ethnicity through environment, migration, and cultural exchange, not through one practice being more correct.
Zhen House (East Group) in Bazhai Feng Shui: Characteristics and Compatible Directions
Zhen House in Bazhai Feng Shui: its Wood traits, the gua numbers it suits, and its favorable and unfavorable directions for Zhen ming people.
Kan House (East Group) in Bazhai Feng Shui: Characteristics and Compatible Directions
Kan houses in Bazhai Feng Shui: five-element traits, compatible directions, and guidance on the main door, bedroom, and kitchen for Kan ming people.
Fixed Signs in Astrology: Traits and the Signs Belonging to the Group
Explore the Fixed signs in astrology: personality traits, archetypal meaning, and the four signs Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, and Aquarius.
Dui House (West Group) in Bazhai Feng Shui: Characteristics and Favorable Directions
Dui House in the West Group: its traits, how to identify it, favorable directions, remedies, and practical uses for West Group people.
The Rong House in the Cultural Life of the Central Highlands Ethnic Groups
The Rong house is the cultural and spiritual heart of Central Highlands villages, hosting rituals, dispute resolution, and production planning.
How do Vietnamese and ethnic minority soul-calling and spirit-calling rituals work?
Soul-calling rites after illness, a fall, fright or a long journey: who performs them, the offerings, how the calling is done, and how ethnic groups differ.
Placing the 14 Major Stars in Tử Vi by cục and Birth Date: Finding the Tử Vi Palace, the Tử Vi Group Moves Counterclockwise, the Thiên Phủ Group Moves Clockwise
How to place the 14 major stars of Tử Vi from the cục and lunar birth day: find the Tử Vi palace, then the Tử Vi and Thiên Phủ groups by the old verse.
Xun House (East Group) in Ba Zhai Feng Shui: Characteristics and Favorable Directions
Xun house in the East Group suits Xun life palace people. Its favorable directions: Sheng Qi North, Tian Yi East, Yan Nian South, Fu Wei Southeast.
Kun House (West Group) in Ba Zhai Feng Shui: Characteristics and Compatible Directions
Kun House is one of Ba Zhai Feng Shui's West Group, tied to the Kun trigram and southwest, with five-element traits and compatible directions.
Harmony Triangle of Pig - Cat - Goat (Wood Element): Exploring the Zodiac Compatibility Group
The Pig, Cat, and Goat Harmony Triangle forms the Wood Element group of the zodiac, covering its origins and how these three signs support each other.
Li House (East Group) in Ba Zhai Feng Shui: Characteristics and Compatible Directions
Explore Li House of the East Group in Ba Zhai: five-element traits, trigram fate, compatible house directions, and remedies when facing incompatibility.
Gen House (West Group) in Ba Zhai Feng Shui: Characteristics and Compatible Directions
Gen House in West Group Ba Zhai Feng Shui: its Earth element, Gen trigram, and the auspicious and inauspicious directions tied to it.
Chicken Feet Divination at Tet: The Custom of Predicting Crop Fortune Among Ethnic Minorities
Chicken feet divination at Tet and the new rice ceremony of ethnic minorities aims to predict fate and crops for the new year.
Meaning of the Four Clash Group Dragon - Dog - Ox - Goat in Eastern Folk Belief
The Four Clash group Dragon, Dog, Ox, Goat pairs two opposing branches. Eastern folk belief sees conflict in business and marriage, yet growth too.
The Ê Đê People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Ê Đê live mainly in Đắk Lắk, southern Gia Lai, western Phú Yên and Khánh Hòa, speak a Malayo-Polynesian language and follow matrilineal customs.
The Lô Lô People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Lô Lô live in Hà Giang, Cao Bằng and Lào Cai, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, and are split into the Flowery Lô Lô and Black Lô Lô.
The Ra Glai People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Ra Glai live in south-central Vietnam, speak a Malayo-Polynesian language, and hold farming rituals and worship customs.
The Hre People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Hre live in western Quảng Ngãi and An Lão in Bình Định, speak a Mon-Khmer language and hold the buffalo sacrifice as their largest rite.
The Lự People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Lự people speak a Tày-Thái language and live mainly in Lai Châu, with worship customs and festivals tied to their own calendar.