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According to folk belief, do not ask outsiders. The best person is the head of the family or a household member who has bathed, is not injured, and, for women, is not menstruating.
From the article “When to Clean the Ancestor Altar at Year's End? Order of Cleaning and Folk Taboos”
Hoành phi is a horizontal plaque above the family altar, câu đối parallel sentences on side columns or walls, honoring ancestors and praising their merits.
Northern and Southern Vietnamese family altars differ in structure, arrangement, generations honored and five-fruit tray choices.
Altar feng shui covers placement, orientation, arrangement and upkeep, creating a solemn space that draws positive energy to the family.
Ancestor worship is a long-standing Vietnamese custom, a moral standard, and a key part of spiritual life, with altars, death anniversaries, and Tet rituals.
A detailed guide to arranging the family altar by feng shui and custom, covering placement, offerings, and steps for Tet and regular days.
Year-end altar cleaning runs from the 23rd of the 12th lunar month to before New Year's Eve. A guide to the cleaning order, the incense bowl, and folk taboos.
The number of altars and incense bowls in a home is not fixed. This analysis draws on Gia lễ giản yếu and ethnographic records, with layouts for each case.
The Buddha altar usually sits higher than the ancestor altar, but the exact layout depends on each home's space and regional or family tradition.
A clan genealogy lists taboo and courtesy names, birth and death dates, burial sites and children; it was kept in an altar cabinet or box at the clan hall.
Southern bánh tét is a signature Tet offering that symbolizes prosperity and family reunion. See its origins, meaning and traditional wrapping methods.
Tết in northern Vietnam: the feast tray, Nhật Tân peach blossom, the Hàng Lược flower market and three days of family reunion, with origins and meaning.
Hanoi death anniversaries, weddings and funerals run on unspoken rules of hierarchy, invitations and conduct, rooted in the elegant Tràng An character.
How to set out Ram thang Gieng (first full moon) offering trays at home: how many trays, vegetarian or savory dishes, order of offering, layout and taboos.
Bà cô ông mãnh are kin who died young and unmarried, honoured at a small altar under the ancestral altar because the young do not sit level with elders.
The Thánh sư altar honours a craft's patron. Learn the three names, altar placement, ritual objects, and offering days per custom books.
Southern and northern Tết Eve worship differ in the outdoor Heaven altar, the indoor tray and offerings, with origins, meaning and how to prepare each.
Year-end dates for the gathering, altar cleaning, debt repayment and New Year opening: lunar calendar principles and flexible use without superstition.
Year-end altar cleaning in Vietnam is usually done after the Kitchen Gods rite and before New Year's Eve, by the householder, in three steps.
What to bring to a Vietnamese pagoda at New Year: incense, flowers, fruit and other vegetarian offerings, and which altar to pay respects at first.
Tết Đoan Ngọ on 5/5 lunar: what to offer, whom to worship, how the three regions' trays differ, plus the kill-insects custom and worship hour.
What replacing an incense bowl involves, when it should be renewed, who in the family may do it, and why the customs vary across regions and households.
Thần chủ, a jujube wood tablet with name, title and dates, sits on the altar; custom keeps four generations, then the cao tổ tablet is buried at the fifth.
A giỗ is not only the eldest son's duty. Younger sons, daughters and daughters-in-law can all hold the rite, depending on family circumstances.
The Giay live mainly in Lào Cai, Hà Giang and Lai Châu, speak a Thai-Kadai language, and keep an altar with three incense bowls.
Vietnamese ancestor worship varies by region, ethnicity and setting, from the central altar to Cửu huyền thất tổ honored in some southern communal houses.
Beyond the 23rd-of-Chạp send-off, Táo Quân watches over the hearth and household year-round. Explore the Kitchen God's everyday role and altar practice.
Folk taboos for offerings on the Full Moon and the first day of the lunar month, from choosing fruit and flowers to the incense burner and a reverent mindset.
Many families burn a little votive paper after the year-end offering; the hóa vàng send-off comes on Tet days 3 to 7. The tray can go indoors or outdoors.
The Si La people live in Mường Tè, Lai Châu, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, worship ancestors, and hold the altar rite, New Year and new rice festivals.
The 10th day of the first lunar month is when many Vietnamese, especially in the South, worship the God of Wealth to pray for a good year.
Thổ Công and Thổ Địa guard the land of a Vietnamese home, distinct from the wealth-focused Thần Tài, worshipped as a triad with Thổ Kỳ.
The rite on the afternoon of the 30th of Tet invites ancestors home for the New Year. North, Central and South differ mainly in the feast and the fruit tray.
Apartment and rented-home nhập trạch rites still announce the move to ancestors and thổ công but skip động thổ and structural changes, with simpler offerings.
What goes on a southern Vietnamese giỗ tray and how a Mekong Delta death anniversary is held: the dishes, the two days, and the portions guests take home.
Cúng giỗ vọng and gửi giỗ: per Toan Ánh, those far from home send offerings to the head of the family and also make an offering from afar.
Though united as one Kinh ethnic culture, ancestor-worship, wedding, and Tết customs differ substantially across North, Central, and South Vietnam.
How to prepare the offering tray and perform the Kitchen Gods' ritual on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, following regional customs.
A Northern Vietnamese gio tray usually features boiled chicken, sticky rice, bamboo shoot soup, spring rolls, and a bowl of rice with a boiled egg.
Drawing fortune sticks at the temple at the start of the year: offerings, ritual steps, cultural meaning, and notes for a respectful visit.
Rằm tháng 7 prayers include three texts for deities, ancestors, and wandering souls, with ritual order, offerings, and how to recite them.
407 rows of offering procedures: each row is how one rite is performed in one region within one tradition, with timing, place of offering, officiant, offerings with catalogue codes, order of steps, things to avoid and practical notes, plus the addresses of the source pages or the titles of source books. Where sources disagree is recorded in the ghi_chu column.
