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Giỗ hậu is the custom of people without heirs giving money or land to their clan, village, or pagoda to be offered ancestor rituals after death.
Cáo tật thị chúng by Chan master Mãn Giác is a famous Lý-era verse: fading spring and a plum branch in the courtyard speak of impermanence.
Vạn Hạnh was a monk of the Lý era, linked to the story of Lý Công Uẩn. His verse Thị đệ tử speaks of impermanence, life and death, rise and decline.
Lễ hạ điền opens rice transplanting; lễ thượng điền marks formed ears or harvest end, both praying for good crops. Custom books differ on timing and names.
A step-by-step guide to preparing offerings and arranging the Year-End Tat Nien tray per Vietnamese customs, with the prayer and key notes.
Tet Doan Ngo worship tray guide: offerings like fermented rice and tro cakes, step-by-step arrangement following regional customs, plus safety notes.
The post-Tet ancestor farewell rite varies by region: hóa vàng in the North, tiễn ông bà in the Center, cúng tất in the South.
Tết Đoan Ngọ on 5/5 lunar: what to offer, whom to worship, how the three regions' trays differ, plus the kill-insects custom and worship hour.
Horse (Ngọ) in the Vietnamese zodiac: personality traits, the Fire element, the Dần-Ngọ-Tuất harmony trio and the Tý-Ngọ-Mão-Dậu clash group.
Northern and Central Vietnam stress ancestral offerings and the pest-killing ritual on Doan Ngo, while the South keeps things simpler.
Ngo Quyen, the 938 Battle of Bach Dang, and the journey from Tu Luong Xam to the new temple in Co Loa, showing the gratitude of later generations.
Nhật Quang and Nguyệt Quang Bodhisattvas are the two attendants flanking Medicine Buddha, symbolizing the light of the Sun and Moon shining on all beings.
The Wu (Ngọ) direction in feng shui sits due south, spans 172.5 to 187.5 degrees and belongs to the Fire element, symbolizing brightness, fame and wisdom.
The Dần, Ngọ and Tuất triple harmony group is the Fire trio in the 12 zodiac animals, tied to the Earthly Branches and the Five Elements.
The Four Clashing Signs Ty, Ngo, Mao and Dau form two opposing pairs on the Earthly Branch cycle, shaped by the five elements and yin-yang rules.
Tết Đoan Ngọ falls at noon on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, when folk belief says yang energy peaks. The bug-killing custom and ancestor worship.
Japan's 1966 Bính Ngọ year saw births fall about 15% on a belief that girls born then harmed husbands. Vietnam's 2026 data gap remains.
Ok Om Bok is the Khmer moon worship festival in Southern Vietnam, with home and pagoda rituals and the Ghe Ngo boat race in Tra Vinh.
A practical guide to Vietnamese wedding rites: the order of dạm ngõ, ăn hỏi, sính lễ and bride procession, plus a monthly task schedule.
Cúng tất niên is the year-end offering that thanks the ancestors and sees off the old year: the day, the trays of three regions, the prayer and its meaning.
Tam Hinh in Bat Tu explains Dan Ty Than, Suu Tuat Mui, Ty Mao and the four self-punishing branches, and how classical texts read them.
Many families burn a little votive paper after the year-end offering; the hóa vàng send-off comes on Tet days 3 to 7. The tray can go indoors or outdoors.
Bệnh Phù governs illness and gossip in Tử Vi, but its palace and companion stars set the severity. This covers placement, meaning, and reading.
Lunar memorial days for Shakyamuni Buddha, Guanyin, Ksitigarbha, Manjushri, Samantabhadra and other Bodhisattvas, with origins and practice notes.
The Health Palace in Zi Wei Dou Shu reflects physical health and hidden mental states, read through the major stars and the Four Transformations.
People born in the Year of the Horse are seen as free, enthusiastic and dynamic. This folk portrait covers their intelligence, generosity and impulsiveness.
The Horse and Goat Six Harmony pair in Eastern belief: Fire generating Earth, Yin-Yang balance, and harmony in marriage and business cooperation.
Đại Hao in Tử Vi is not merely a malefic star. This analysis explains its dissipating nature, how it acts by palace, and when it forms a good configuration.
Year-end dates for the gathering, altar cleaning, debt repayment and New Year opening: lunar calendar principles and flexible use without superstition.
The Ox and Horse Six Harm pair in the Chinese zodiac: its origins, the traits behind the clash, and how it affects relationships.
The Vietnamese lunar calendar is actually a lunisolar calendar combining the moon's phases and Earth's orbit around the Sun.
The 19th of the 2nd, 6th and 9th lunar months mark the three Quan The Am festival days, symbolic Mahayana commemorations.
Tam Long traces a dragon vein from its distant source peak through to tong son, thieu to son and phu mau son to where it settles.
The Nguyen Trung Truc Memorial Festival in Kien Giang runs each year from the 26th to 28th of the 8th lunar month, honoring the hero who died in 1868.
Nguyen Trai, world cultural celebrity, was the soul of the resistance against the Ming and spent years at Con Son writing and reflecting on benevolent rule.
Tết in Sài Gòn: the Nguyễn Huệ flower market from 1960 and flower street from 2004, the flower boats of Bình Đông wharf, and how families keep Tết.
Tran Hung Dao, the general who led Dai Viet against the Mongols three times, became Duc Thanh Tran, a worshipped saint honoured at temples such as Kiep Bac.
Chữ Nôm is the writing system Vietnamese people built from Chinese character material to record their own language, still seen on hoành phi and câu đối.
The Cold Food Festival on the 3rd day of the 3rd lunar month became a Vietnamese day for offering bánh trôi and bánh chay to ancestors.
The Thần Tài prayer in Vietnamese folk tradition: origins, meaning, offerings, how to worship, and the full prayer, the first of the month and the full moon.
Ông Tơ bà Nguyệt comes from the Tang tale Định Hôn Điếm, reprinted in Thái Bình Quảng Ký: an old man reading by moonlight and red cords that bind couples.
The worship of Thần Tài and Ông Địa in Vietnamese culture blends Chinese influence with ancient Thổ Địa beliefs, tracing a shift from farming to trade.
Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư opens with the Hồng Bàng era: Kinh Dương Vương, named Lộc Tục, and the realm of Xích Quỷ. The Hán text set beside later histories.
Từ Đạo Hạnh, Nguyễn Minh Không and Dương Không Lộ in Lĩnh Nam chích quái are tales of wonder about three monks of the Lý era, told as tales.
Victory at Bạch Đằng in 938, ending the period of Northern domination
Actor, action film producer
Singer and gameshow MC
Professor of Mathematics, the first and only Vietnamese person (to date) to win the Fields Medal
Author of Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký, writer, journalist with a career spanning more than 60 years
A representative poet of Vietnamese revolutionary poetry, author of the poetry collections Từ ấy, Việt Bắc, Gió lộng, Ra trận, Máu và hoa
Founding king of the Lý dynasty, the person who decided to move the capital from Hoa Lư to Thăng Long in 1010
155 types of Vietnamese offering rites in 15 groups, from ancestor and death-anniversary rites, Tết and the festivals of the year to funerals, communal houses and temples, and the rites of ethnic communities; each with alternative names, timing, recipients, a short description, classification axes (cycle, social setting, beings worshipped, tradition, ethnic group, cultural region), a structured date and sourced passages on its customs. It is the key table for Nhật Nguyệt's datasets on offering prayers and rite customs.
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