How Does Ancestor Worship Differ Across Regions of Vietnam?
Vietnamese ancestor worship varies by region, ethnicity and setting, from the central altar to Cửu huyền thất tổ honored in some southern communal houses.
Results for "phong tục thờ cúng"
Why do worship customs differ across regions and ethnic groups in Vietnam?
Vietnamese worship customs vary by region and ethnicity through environment, migration, and cultural exchange, not through one practice being more correct.
Who are bà cô ông mãnh, and why are they worshipped separately beneath the ancestral altar?
Bà cô ông mãnh are kin who died young and unmarried, honoured at a small altar under the ancestral altar because the young do not sit level with elders.
The Thánh sư altar (patron of the trade): who is worshipped, where is it placed, and on which days are offerings made?
The Thánh sư altar honours a craft's patron. Learn the three names, altar placement, ritual objects, and offering days per custom books.
Death Anniversary Rituals in Vietnamese Culture: Meaning and How to Organize Properly
Death anniversary rituals in Vietnamese culture remember ancestors and bring families together. Organization should suit each family, staying simple and warm.
Avoiding ancestors' taboo names: how did people in the past observe the taboo when praying and when naming children?
Vietnamese taboo names of ancestors: why giỗ prayers whisper the dead's name, whether children could share a grandparent's name, and where the custom endures.
The lễ mát nhà (house-cooling rite) and bùa trấn trạch (house-guarding talisman): what did people of the past do when a house was not at peace?
Early 20th-century custom books record the lễ mát nhà rite and bùa trấn trạch talisman: who performed them, where it was posted, and Phan Kế Bính's critique.
Household Worship of Táo Quân: The Kitchen God's Everyday Role
Beyond the 23rd-of-Chạp send-off, Táo Quân watches over the hearth and household year-round. Explore the Kitchen God's everyday role and altar practice.
What Is a Thần Chủ Tablet, and Why Is It Buried at the Fifth Generation?
Thần chủ, a jujube wood tablet with name, title and dates, sits on the altar; custom keeps four generations, then the cao tổ tablet is buried at the fifth.
How do Vietnamese and ethnic minority soul-calling and spirit-calling rituals work?
Soul-calling rites after illness, a fall, fright or a long journey: who performs them, the offerings, how the calling is done, and how ethnic groups differ.
Regional Differences in Ancestor Worship and Tết Customs Among the Kinh Across North, Central, and South Vietnam
Though united as one Kinh ethnic culture, ancestor-worship, wedding, and Tết customs differ substantially across North, Central, and South Vietnam.
What dishes are on a Southern Vietnamese death anniversary offering tray, and how is a Nam Bộ gio ceremony held?
What goes on a southern Vietnamese giỗ tray and how a Mekong Delta death anniversary is held: the dishes, the two days, and the portions guests take home.
Muong Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Muong ethnic group speaks a Viet-Muong language and lives mainly in Hòa Bình, Thanh Hóa and Phú Thọ, with mo epics, festivals and worship customs.
The Brau People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Brau are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Kon Tum. This article covers their language, worship customs, festivals and cultural life.
The Tho People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Tho people speak a Việt Mường language and live mainly in western Nghệ An and Thanh Hoá, with their own worship of spirits, ancestors and midwife deities.
The Giay People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Giay live mainly in Lào Cai, Hà Giang and Lai Châu, speak a Thai-Kadai language, and keep an altar with three incense bowls.
Co People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Co live in northwestern Quảng Ngãi and southwestern Quảng Nam, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and hold a buffalo sacrifice as their largest festival.
Tay Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Tay are Vietnam's largest ethnic minority. They live in northeastern valleys, speak a Tay-Thai language, worship ancestors, and hold long tong festivals.
Thai Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
Vietnam's Thai ethnic group includes the Black and White branches, speaks the Tay-Thai language, lives in ban-muong villages, and worships ancestors.
The Gia Rai People: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Gia Rai speak a Malayo-Polynesian language and live mainly in Gia Lai, Kon Tum and Đắk Lắk, with a matrilineal society that worships Yang spirits.
The Cờ Lao People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Cờ Lao live mainly in Hà Giang and speak a Ka Đai language. They worship ancestors, the earth god, and rice spirits.
Ông Địa and Thần Tài: The Earth God and God of Wealth in Household Worship
Ông Địa and Thần Tài are the household deities most often worshipped together in Vietnam. Their origins, meaning, and altar placement.
Folk Taboos When Making Offerings on the Full Moon and First Day of the Lunar Month
Folk taboos for offerings on the Full Moon and the first day of the lunar month, from choosing fruit and flowers to the incense burner and a reverent mindset.
What Is Phong Tục in English? Vocabulary for Vietnamese Customs
Phong tục in English is custom, tập quán is usage, and truyền thống is tradition. See how the three differ, plus a vocabulary table of Vietnamese customs.
How to Prepare the New Year's Eve Offering Tray (Tet) According to Customs
A guide to preparing New Year's Eve offerings, arranging the outdoor and indoor trays by Vietnamese custom, with safety notes and regional differences.
How to Prepare and Perform the Kitchen Gods' Offering on the 23rd of the Twelfth Lunar Month According to Customs of Three Regions
How to prepare the offering tray and perform the Kitchen Gods' ritual on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, following regional customs.
Is the three-day offering (tế ngu) counted from the date of death or the date of burial? An interpretation from Việt Nam phong tục
In Việt Nam phong tục, tế ngu counts from burial: sơ ngu on the burial day, tam ngu on the third. The 49th, 100th day and first anniversary count from death.
Differences in the Kitchen Gods worship customs across three regions
Kitchen Gods worship on the 23rd of the last lunar month differs across Vietnam: the North worships early with carp release, the South worships late.
The Cong Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
Vietnam's Cong people live mainly in Lai Châu, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and keep ancestor worship and their own festivals.
The Ngái People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Ngái are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, with a very small population living scattered across Quảng Ninh, Hải Phòng, Bắc Giang, Lạng Sơn and Cao Bằng.
The Khang People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Khang people speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Lai Châu and Sơn La. Their worship customs and main festivals are covered here.
The Lao Ethnic Group: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Lao in Vietnam call themselves Thay and Thay Duồn, speak a Tay-Thai language, live in Điện Biên, Lai Châu and Sơn La, and keep ancestor altars.
The Mang Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Mang are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Lai Châu and speaking a Mon-Khmer language. Their worship customs and festivals are covered.
Dao Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Dao are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups. Where they live, their Hmong-Dao language, ancestor and Bàn Vương worship, and cap sac rites.
The Chut People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Chut people of Vietnam include the May, Ruc, Sach, Arem and Mã Liềng subgroups, living mainly in the mountains of Quảng Bình.
The Lự People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Lự people speak a Tày-Thái language and live mainly in Lai Châu, with worship customs and festivals tied to their own calendar.
The Xtieng People: Residence, Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Xtieng speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Bình Phước. Their residence, language, worship customs, and main festivals are covered here.
The Ma Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Ma live in Lâm Đồng and Đồng Nai, speak a Mon-Khmer language with no script, worship Yang spirits and hold a buffalo sacrifice after harvest.
Mnong People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Mnong speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Đắk Lắk and Lâm Đồng, with matrilineal culture and buffalo sacrifice at the new rice festival.
The Nung People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Nung live mainly in Vietnam's northeastern provinces and speak a Tay-Thai language. Their customs center on ancestor worship and festivals.
The Hre People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Hre live in western Quảng Ngãi and An Lão in Bình Định, speak a Mon-Khmer language and hold the buffalo sacrifice as their largest rite.
The Khơ Mú People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Khơ Mú speak a Mon-Khmer language and live in Yên Bái, Sơn La, Lai Châu, Thanh Hóa and Nghệ An, worshipping five spirits.
The Co Tu People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Major Festivals
The Co Tu live in the Trường Sơn mountains of Quảng Nam and Thừa Thiên Huế, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and hold buffalo sacrifice and reburial rites.
The Tà Ôi People: Settlement, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Tà Ôi live in western Quảng Trị and Thừa Thiên Huế, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship spirits with festivals tied to the swidden farming cycle.
La Ha People: Residence, Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The La Ha people live in Yên Bái and Sơn La, with a 2019 population of 10,157. Their housing, marriage and worship customs are covered here.
The Chơ Ro People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The Chơ Ro live in Đồng Nai's low mountains, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and hold a yearly rice spirit rite plus a forest spirit rite every three years.
The Xinh Mun People: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs, and Main Festivals
The Xinh Mun speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Sơn La and Lai Châu, with bridegroom service and two-generation ancestor worship.
The O Du Ethnic Group: Where They Live, Their Language, Worship Customs and Main Festivals
The O Du people speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Tương Dương, Nghệ An, known for the thunder welcoming festival and the house spirit cult.
Worship of Thổ Công and Thổ Địa: Household Land-Guardian Deities
Thổ Công and Thổ Địa guard the land of a Vietnamese home, distinct from the wealth-focused Thần Tài, worshipped as a triad with Thổ Kỳ.
The Four Dharma Deities (Cloud, Rain, Thunder, Lightning) Worship at Dau Pagoda: Origins and Identity
The Four Dharma Deities at Dau Pagoda in Bắc Ninh blend Indian Buddhism with ancient Vietnamese nature worship of Cloud, Rain, Thunder and Lightning.
Types of Vietnamese offering rites
155 types of Vietnamese offering rites in 15 groups, from ancestor and death-anniversary rites, Tết and the festivals of the year to funerals, communal houses and temples, and the rites of ethnic communities; each with alternative names, timing, recipients, a short description, classification axes (cycle, social setting, beings worshipped, tradition, ethnic group, cultural region), a structured date and sourced passages on its customs. It is the key table for Nhật Nguyệt's datasets on offering prayers and rite customs.
Things to avoid and practical notes for Vietnamese offering rites
132 things to avoid and practical notes for Vietnamese offering rites, across 38 rite types, one sentence per row in three languages with the rite, region, tradition, type and source page addresses. Taken only from reviewed procedure rows; it describes custom according to the sources and prescribes nothing.