Ancestor Worship of Vietnamese People: Origins, Norms, and What Has Changed
Ancestor worship is a long-standing Vietnamese custom, a moral standard, and a key part of spiritual life, with altars, death anniversaries, and Tet rituals.
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Ancestor worship is directed at deceased family and clan members. Dao Mau is directed at Holy Mothers and female deities governing the universe, with a broader community belief scope.
From the article “What Is Đạo Mẫu (Dao Mau), Vietnam's Mother Goddess Worship?”
Ancestor worship is a long-standing Vietnamese custom, a moral standard, and a key part of spiritual life, with altars, death anniversaries, and Tet rituals.
The Lo Lo people in Ha Giang hold an ancestor worship ceremony, a national intangible heritage, with the Ma Co dance in grass costumes as its highlight.
Vietnam's Thai ethnic group includes the Black and White branches, speaks the Tay-Thai language, lives in ban-muong villages, and worships ancestors.
The La Chi people live mainly in Ha Giang, speak a Ka Dai language, keep a separate altar for each man in the house, and hold folk games during Tet.
The Si La people live in Muong Te, Lai Chau, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, worship ancestors, and hold the altar rite, New Year and new rice festivals.
Vietnamese ancestor worship varies by region, ethnicity and setting, from the central altar to Cửu huyền thất tổ honored in some southern communal houses.
The Kinh (Viet) are 86.83% of Vietnam's population and speak Vietnamese of the Viet Muong group. Their villages and ancestor worship are covered here.
Though united as one Kinh ethnic culture, ancestor-worship, wedding, and Tết customs differ substantially across North, Central, and South Vietnam.
Tảo mộ, chạp mả cuối năm là tục sửa sang phần mộ tổ tiên trước Tết. Bài nêu ngày làm, lễ vật, tục chạp mả ở Huế, xứ Quảng và ý nghĩa thờ cúng tổ tiên.
Dong Chi is the 22nd solar term and the shortest day of the year. For the Chinese community it is Tet Dong Chi, a time for che troi nuoc and ancestor worship.
The Nung live mainly in Vietnam's northeastern provinces and speak a Tay-Thai language. Their customs center on ancestor worship and festivals.
The Pà Thẻn live in Hà Giang and Tuyên Quang and speak a Hmông-Dao language. Their customs include ancestor worship and the new rice ceremony.
The Hoa (Han) are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups: where they live, their language, ancestor worship customs, and festivals like Tet Nguyen tieu.
The Khmer (Kho Me) numbered 1,319,652 in the 2019 survey, live mainly in the Mekong Delta, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship Buddha and ancestors.
Kitchen Gods worship on the 23rd of the last lunar month differs across Vietnam: the North worships early with carp release, the South worships late.
The Xtieng speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Binh Phuoc. Their residence, language, worship customs, and main festivals are covered here.
The La Ha people live in Yen Bai and Son La, with a 2019 population of 10,157. Their housing, marriage and worship customs are covered here.
The Gia Rai speak a Malayo-Polynesian language and live mainly in Gia Lai, Kon Tum and Dak Lak, with a matrilineal society that worships Yang spirits.
The Ro Mam people belong to the Mon-Khmer language group and live mainly in Kon Tum. Learn about their language, worship customs and main festivals.
The Lao in Vietnam call themselves Thay and Thay Duon, speak a Tay-Thai language, live in Dien Bien, Lai Chau and Son La, and keep ancestor altars.
The Ta Oi live in western Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship spirits with festivals tied to the swidden farming cycle.
The Co live in northwestern Quang Ngai and southwestern Quang Nam, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and hold a buffalo sacrifice as their largest festival.
Vietnamese worship customs vary by region and ethnicity through environment, migration, and cultural exchange, not through one practice being more correct.
The Bo Y ethnic group includes the Bo Y and Tu Di subgroups in Ha Giang and Lao Cai, with two language families and distinct worship and festival customs.
The Mnong speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Dak Lak and Lam Dong, with matrilineal culture and buffalo sacrifice at the new rice festival.
The Giay live mainly in Lao Cai, Ha Giang and Lai Chau, speak a Thai-Kadai language, and keep an altar with three incense bowls.
The Dao are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups. Where they live, their Hmong-Dao language, ancestor and Ban Vuong worship, and cap sac rites.
The Brau are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living mainly in Kon Tum. This article covers their language, worship customs, festivals and cultural life.
The Hre live in western Quang Ngai and An Lao in Binh Dinh, speak a Mon-Khmer language and hold the buffalo sacrifice as their largest rite.
The Tay are Vietnam's largest ethnic minority. They live in northeastern valleys, speak a Tay-Thai language, worship ancestors, and hold long tong festivals.
The Ngái are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, with a very small population living scattered across Quảng Ninh, Hải Phòng, Bắc Giang, Lạng Sơn and Cao Bằng.
The Tho people speak a Viet Muong language and live mainly in western Nghe An and Thanh Hoa, with their own worship of spirits, ancestors and midwife deities.
The Muong ethnic group speaks a Viet-Muong language and lives mainly in Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa and Phu Tho, with mo epics, festivals and worship customs.
The Chut people of Vietnam include the May, Ruc, Sach, Arem and Ma Lieng subgroups, living mainly in the mountains of Quang Binh.
The Chu Ru are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, living in Lam Dong and Ninh Thuan and speaking a Malayo-Polynesian language.
The Khang people speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Lai Chau and Son La. Their worship customs and main festivals are covered here.
Vietnam's Cong people live mainly in Lai Chau, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and keep ancestor worship and their own festivals.
The Co Ho live mainly in Lam Dong, speak a Mon-Khmer language, follow a matrilineal system and worship Yang and Cha spirits.
The La Hu live mainly in Muong Te, Lai Chau, and speak a Tibeto-Burman language. Their ancestor worship and main festivals are described here.
The Four Dharma Deities at Dau Pagoda in Bac Ninh blend Indian Buddhism with ancient Vietnamese nature worship of Cloud, Rain, Thunder and Lightning.
Explore the Cap Sac ceremony of the San Diu people: its origins, significance, steps, and the role of the 'Hành Quang Dance' in this sacred rite of passage.
The Cham community follows three religious streams: Cham Bàlamôn, Cham Bàni and Cham Islam, each with its own festivals, from Katê to Ramưwan.
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