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The Thánh sư altar honours a craft's patron. Learn the three names, altar placement, ritual objects, and offering days per custom books.
Bronze casting for worship in Long Thuong, Y Yen and Dai Bai: how three villages keep a centuries-old craft alive against industrial pressure.
Ông Địa and Thần Tài are the household deities most often worshipped together in Vietnam. Their origins, meaning, and altar placement.
Thổ Công and Thổ Địa guard the land of a Vietnamese home, distinct from the wealth-focused Thần Tài, worshipped as a triad with Thổ Kỳ.
Từ Đạo Hạnh, Nguyễn Minh Không and Dương Không Lộ in Lĩnh Nam chích quái are tales of wonder about three monks of the Lý era, told as tales.
Explore the traditional conical hat villages of Hue, the meticulous craft of the poem hat, and the cultural value of the conical hat in Vietnamese life.
Dai Bai village in Bac Ninh is the cradle of bronze casting in Northern Vietnam, with about 1000 years of history and refined engraving art.
Lang Chuong village in Thanh Oai, Hanoi keeps its centuries-old conical hat craft alive through spinning techniques and hidden stitches.
Fertility worship in Vietnam, or tín ngưỡng phồn thực, hopes for flourishing life and harvests. It appears in Linga–Yoni symbols and the Trò Trám festival.
Vietnamese ancestral worship trays reflect regional character: the North favors formality, the Central region is lavish, and the South is simple yet refined.
Vietnam's traditional crafts include bronze casting, silk weaving, conical hats, incense, drums, pottery and folk paintings, tied to craft villages.
Southern Vietnamese culture blends village communal houses, worship of the Lady goddesses and a vivid dialect shaped by frontier settlement.
The Kinh (Viet) are 86.83% of Vietnam's population and speak Vietnamese of the Viet Muong group. Their villages and ancestor worship are covered here.
Thon Cao incense village in Hung Yen is Northern Vietnam's largest incense-making craft village, its 18th-century craft tied to ancestress Dao Thi Khuong.
The Hung Kings Worship, a UNESCO intangible cultural heritage, reflects Vietnam's tradition of remembering the source when drinking water.
Cá Ông worship reveres whales as guardian spirits in Vietnamese fishing communities, with roots in the Cham sea god Po Riyak.
Phuong Duc bronze casting village in Hue has a 400-year history, known for worship items and bells made through mold making and bronze pouring.
Thành Hoàng is the guardian deity believed to protect each Vietnamese village, worshipped at the communal đình. Its origins, deity types and royal decrees.
Vietnamese ancestor worship varies by region, ethnicity and setting, from the central altar to Cửu huyền thất tổ honored in some southern communal houses.
The 100-year-old Phia Thap incense craft of the Nung An people in Cao Bang uses natural materials and a fully handmade process.
The Khmer (Kho Me) numbered 1,319,652 in the 2019 survey, live mainly in the Mekong Delta, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship Buddha and ancestors.
The La Ha people live in Yen Bai and Son La, with a 2019 population of 10,157. Their housing, marriage and worship customs are covered here.
The Phu Day Festival in Nam Dinh, held in the third lunar month, honors Saint Mother Lieu Hanh with Chau Van singing and Hau Dong mediumship.
Đạo Mẫu is an indigenous Vietnamese folk belief. It worships Holy Mothers and female deities who govern the universe through the Four Palaces system.
The Si La people live in Muong Te, Lai Chau, speak a Tibeto-Burman language, worship ancestors, and hold the altar rite, New Year and new rice festivals.
The Xtieng speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Binh Phuoc. Their residence, language, worship customs, and main festivals are covered here.
Beyond the 23rd-of-Chạp send-off, Táo Quân watches over the hearth and household year-round. Explore the Kitchen God's everyday role and altar practice.
Vietnam's Thai ethnic group includes the Black and White branches, speaks the Tay-Thai language, lives in ban-muong villages, and worships ancestors.
The worship of Ong Ta, a land-protecting deity in Southern Vietnam, comes from the Khmer Neak Ta and reflects Viet-Khmer cultural exchange.
Kitchen Gods worship on the 23rd of the last lunar month differs across Vietnam: the North worships early with carp release, the South worships late.
The Lao in Vietnam call themselves Thay and Thay Duon, speak a Tay-Thai language, live in Dien Bien, Lai Chau and Son La, and keep ancestor altars.
The Pà Thẻn live in Hà Giang and Tuyên Quang and speak a Hmông-Dao language. Their customs include ancestor worship and the new rice ceremony.
The Gia Rai speak a Malayo-Polynesian language and live mainly in Gia Lai, Kon Tum and Dak Lak, with a matrilineal society that worships Yang spirits.
Ancestor worship is a long-standing Vietnamese custom, a moral standard, and a key part of spiritual life, with altars, death anniversaries, and Tet rituals.
The La Chi people live mainly in Ha Giang, speak a Ka Dai language, keep a separate altar for each man in the house, and hold folk games during Tet.
The Ta Oi live in western Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and worship spirits with festivals tied to the swidden farming cycle.
Cau Ngu festival honors the Whale God in central Vietnam, with fishermen praying for safe seas and good catches through rituals that bind the community.
The Ro Mam people belong to the Mon-Khmer language group and live mainly in Kon Tum. Learn about their language, worship customs and main festivals.
Đọi Tam drum village in Hà Nam has made drums for over 1,000 years, using buffalo skin and jackfruit wood and an artisan's ear for sound.
Ngũ Xã bronze casting village in Hanoi has over 400 years of history, known for sophisticated techniques and artworks of Thăng Long spirit.
Discover Vietnam's century-old incense villages, where the spiritual culture is preserved through each handmade stick, from Quang Phu Cau to Thuy Xuan.
Vietnamese worship customs vary by region and ethnicity through environment, migration, and cultural exchange, not through one practice being more correct.
The Four Dharma Deities at Dau Pagoda in Bac Ninh blend Indian Buddhism with ancient Vietnamese nature worship of Cloud, Rain, Thunder and Lightning.
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