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The story of Lạc Long Quân and Âu Cơ, the sack of one hundred eggs, as recorded in Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư and Đại Nam quốc sử diễn ca, and what is myth.
Giỗ thường (cát kỵ) yearly rites need no full feast like giỗ đầu or giỗ hết. Core offerings: hương đèn, trầu cau, rượu trà, a bowl of upside-down rice.
Combining death anniversaries into one day is a practical choice for families whose children work far away. Here is what is reasonable and what to watch for.
Duck, squid, banana, shrimp, snail and fertilized duck eggs are avoided at new year in Vietnamese folk belief, which links them to bad luck.
Birth years 1924 to 2043 by zodiac animal and nạp âm element, with the two year boundaries: Tết in folk usage and Lập Xuân in Bát Tự.
The 100-day memorial does not require an upturned rice bowl and egg: Phan Kế Bính lists them for giỗ feasts, not for the tốt khốc rite.
A Northern Vietnamese gio tray usually features boiled chicken, sticky rice, bamboo shoot soup, spring rolls, and a bowl of rice with a boiled egg.
Giỗ đầu (tiểu tường) is the first death anniversary, with a tray of cơm úp, boiled egg, chicken, xôi and vàng mã, more solemn than an ordinary giỗ.
Vietnamese mooncakes come as baked bánh nướng and soft bánh dẻo. Where they are said to come from, and what the traditional fillings are.
Sử Giề Pà, the buffalo thanksgiving of the Bố Y in Lào Cai, falls on the 8th day of the 4th lunar month, with a shared offering tray for the village.
Cúng đất in Huế is held in the second and eighth lunar months, with three offering trays to thank the land deity and remember the former Chăm owners.
Southern bánh tét is a signature Tet offering that symbolizes prosperity and family reunion. See its origins, meaning and traditional wrapping methods.
What goes on a southern Vietnamese giỗ tray and how a Mekong Delta death anniversary is held: the dishes, the two days, and the portions guests take home.
The Mother Au Co Temple Festival in Phu Tho runs on the 6th and 7th of the first lunar month, when female officiants lead rituals.
Tet customs in Northern, Central, and Southern Vietnam share roots but differ in dishes and rituals, from banh chung to bitter melon soup.
Origins, rituals and cultural values of the Hung Kings Temple Festival in Phu Tho, held on the 10th day of the third lunar month to honor the Hung Kings.
Each dish at a Vietnamese wedding feast carries symbolic meaning, from red sticky rice to boiled chicken, pork rolls and braised pork.
The Katê Festival in Ninh Thuận centers on the ceremony of receiving Goddess Pô Nưgar's attire, kept by the Raglai and brought down to the Chăm.
How old histories record the eighteen Hùng kings and the state of Văn Lang, and which parts are legend: the sources, the fifteen bộ and the Hùng cult.
Giỗ hết đại tường marks the end of two years of mourning. It covers the offering tray, how to arrange it, and the sequence for xả tang in Vietnamese custom.
What does a giỗ require? Offerings, the offering tray, the prayer text and the order of the day, drawn from Vietnamese historical sources.
Banh Troi and Banh Chay mark Vietnam's Cold Foods Festival on the 3rd day of the 3rd lunar month, a localized day of honoring ancestors with these cakes.
Outdoor and indoor New Year's Eve offerings differ in who is invited, where the rite is held and the prayer text. Each region has its own symbolic dishes.
Explore traditional Vietnamese Tet taboos: avoiding sweeping, giving fire, breaking things... and the spiritual meanings behind these customs.
The five-fruit tray for Tet carries wishes through bananas, pomelos, papayas and mangoes, with regional differences between North and South Vietnam.
Tet rites in southern Vietnam: welcoming the ancestors on the 30th, giao thừa offerings outdoors and indoors, Tết nhà on the third, farewell on the fourth.
The Xinh Mun speak a Mon-Khmer language and live mainly in Son La and Lai Chau, with bridegroom service and two-generation ancestor worship.
The San Diu are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, speaking a Guangdong Chinese dialect in the northern midlands, with distinctive worship customs.
Though united as one Kinh ethnic culture, ancestor-worship, wedding, and Tết customs differ substantially across North, Central, and South Vietnam.
Tết Đoan Ngọ on 5/5 lunar: what to offer, whom to worship, how the three regions' trays differ, plus the kill-insects custom and worship hour.
Year-end tạ đất rites are usually held outdoors in the yard, indoors only in cramped homes; offerings vary by region, with no fixed number of chè bowls.
A Western Mekong Delta đám giỗ spans tiên thường, chánh giỗ and hậu thường. Hosting guests and giving take-home portions show a compassionate way of life.
An overview of Vietnamese traditional cuisine by region: Tet dishes, ancestral trays, festivals, vegetarian food and local specialties, with cultural context.
Southern and northern Tết Eve worship differ in the outdoor Heaven altar, the indoor tray and offerings, with origins, meaning and how to prepare each.
Tet cakes differ across Vietnam's three regions: the North has banh chung and banh phu the, the Center has banh to and banh in, the South has banh tet.
The Ha Nhi live along Vietnam's Chinese and Lao borders in Lai Chau and Lao Cai, speak a Tibeto-Burman language and worship ancestors by household.
The Co Tu live in the Truong Son mountains of Quang Nam and Thua Thien Hue, speak a Mon-Khmer language, and hold buffalo sacrifice and reburial rites.
The Kate Festival is the Cham Brahmin New Year in Ninh Thuan, held in the 7th Cham month to honor deities, kings and ancestors.
Cúng tất niên is the year-end offering that thanks the ancestors and sees off the old year: the day, the trays of three regions, the prayer and its meaning.
Vietnamese ancestral worship trays reflect regional character: the North favors formality, the Central region is lavish, and the South is simple yet refined.
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