Who are bà cô ông mãnh, and why are they worshipped separately beneath the ancestral altar?
Bà cô ông mãnh are kin who died young and unmarried, honoured at a small altar under the ancestral altar because the young do not sit level with elders.
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Are bà cô ông mãnh members of the family, or outside deities?
According to Toan Ánh (2001) and Song Mai, Quỳnh Trang (2006), bà cô ông mãnh are children and grandchildren of the family who died young, before marrying, not outside deities. They are of the descendants' rank, so when worshipping, the household head only murmurs a prayer, without lễ.
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