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According to Đinh Khắc Thuân (2014), Thành hoàng worship in Vietnam has deep roots in Thành hoàng worship in China, and also originates from the worship of spirits widespread among the Vietnamese to remember those who contributed to the village and to seek the deity's protection. The name Thành hoàng originally meant the deity protecting a citadel in China, and on entering Vietnam it became Thành hoàng làng, the patron deity of the village tied to the đình. The time when it was introduced and became a form of worship in Vietnam still has many different explanations.
From the article “What Beliefs Do Vietnamese People Follow? A Map of Major Folk Beliefs and How They Differ from Religion”
Village communal houses differ across the Northern Delta, the South, and the Mekong Delta waterways in architecture, deities, and festivals.
Kỳ yên at Bình Thủy communal house, Cần Thơ: Thượng điền on the 12th-14th of the fourth lunar month, Hạ điền on the 14th-15th of the twelfth. Rites explained.
Vietnamese people rarely follow one religion; they layer ancestor worship, Thành hoàng, Mother Goddess, Hùng Vương and farming rites in daily life.
Thành Hoàng is the guardian deity believed to protect each Vietnamese village, worshipped at the communal đình. Its origins, deity types and royal decrees.
Vietnamese cultural history appears through village spirit worship, Thành hoàng veneration, the Mother Goddess religion and the Hán Nôm archive.
Spirit chronicles and imperial edicts show how villages and the state shaped the Thành Hoàng, and why Southern communal houses worship other origins too.
Bạch Mã Temple in Hanoi guards the East of Thăng Long's Four Guardian Temples and worships Long Đỗ, the city's tutelary god.
The Lê Chân Female General Festival in Hải Phòng honors the founder of An Biên village with rituals each second lunar month.
Northern Vietnam worship includes ancestor veneration, Thành hoàng, Mother Goddess and folk rites, reflecting uống nước nhớ nguồn and the wish for peace.
Southern Vietnam worship spans Thành hoàng, Bà Chúa Xứ, Mẫu, whale and ancestor veneration. Its origins, cultural fusion and modern shifts are examined.
Worship in Nghệ An through three studies: ancestral rites at lineage halls, the three temples of Kim Lũy village, and đền Cuông, with lunar festival dates.
Thăng Long Tứ Tran is four temples guarding the old capital: Bạch Mã in the east, Voi Phục in the west, Kim Liên in the south, Quán Thánh in the north.
Bát Tràng pottery appears in written records from the 14th century; this article traces its history and the steps from clay to kiln.
Vietnamese folk belief includes ancestor worship, deity worship, Mother Goddess religion, agricultural beliefs, and rituals of many ethnic groups.
The twelve trực, from Kiến and Trừ to Khai and Bế, form a twelve-day cycle for judging each day, rooted in old calendars and the Hiệp kỷ biện phương thư.
The Hue Imperial City sits on the north bank of the Perfume River, using Ngự Bình Mountain as its front screen and Hen and Dã Viên islets as its flanks.
The 1010 Edict on the Relocation of the Capital describes Đại La as the center of heaven and earth, with the posture of a coiling dragon and crouching tiger.
Emperor Quang Trung (Nguyễn Huệ) led the Tây Sơn movement and crushed 290,000 Qing troops at Ngọc Hồi - Đống Đa in 1789.
Four classics of Lục Hào compared: Hỏa Châu Lâm, Hoàng Kim Sách, Tăng San Bốc Dịch and Bốc Phệ Chính Tông, who is named as author and what each one does.
Vía Ngọc Hoàng falls on the 9th day of the first lunar month. How people worship at Chùa Ngọc Hoàng in Ho Chi Minh City, and the temple's history.
Kim Hoàng paintings are Tết folk prints on red paper, lost after the 1915 flood. They are set apart from Đông Hồ and Hàng Trống.
Ông Hoàng Bảy, a Le Dynasty general, is worshipped at Bảo Hà Temple in Lào Cai, blending hero veneration with Mother Goddess beliefs.
New Year's Day in Vietnam comes from the Gregorian calendar, adopted in the French colonial period, and later became an official public holiday.
An Dương Vương, the state of Âu Lạc and Cổ Loa citadel in the old histories and the legend of the magic crossbow: the Thục house, dates and site.
The Chợ Củi Temple Festival in Nghi Xuân, Hà Tĩnh honours Saint Hoàng Mười and the Three Holy Mothers, and differs from Nghệ An's Ông Hoàng Mười Temple.
Auspicious and inauspicious days classify a whole day by the twelve deities, while auspicious hours classify each two-hour block by that same set.
Thanh Minh in Vietnam is mainly an occasion to remember ancestors by visiting graves, unlike China where spring outings also occur.
Thanh Long, third star of the Bác Sĩ cycle from Lộc Tồn, is a Water-element auspicious star. This covers its placement, meaning, and classical readings.
Lady Trieu, born Triệu Thị Trinh in 226, led the 248 uprising against Wu rule. Her temple on Gai Mountain, Thanh Hóa, keeps national heritage festivals.
The Four Symbols guard the huye: Thanh Long left, Bạch Hổ right, Huyền Vũ behind, Chu Tước in front. This piece covers their shapes and the minh duong layers.
Saint Mother Liễu Hạnh, the only female saint among the Four Immortals, is tied to the three descents to earth and to the Three Realms Mother Goddess worship.
Cờn Temple festival, Nghệ An, 19th to 21st of the first lunar month, honours the Four Holy Ladies of the Song: the legend, the procession and 2027 dates.
What the 'Elegant Tràng An People' verse means: the eating and speaking customs it describes, and what survives in Hanoi today.
The death anniversary of Lễ Thành Hau Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh honors the pioneer of Southern Vietnam, a ritual named a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2025.
Hoang Ốc is a Vietnamese folk taboo checked before building a house, sorting lunar age into six positions, three of which are considered unfavourable.
Cao Đài Founding Day marks the 1926 Hoang khai Dai dao Tam Kỳ Phổ Độ, held around the tenth lunar month full moon at Tây Ninh Holy See.
The founding of the Communist Party of Vietnam on February 3, 1930, when Nguyễn Ái Quốc unified three communist organizations in Hong Kong.
Explore the integration arrow (toward Type 6) and disintegration arrow (toward Type 9) of Type 3 in the Enneagram, and how to apply this for personal growth.
Explore the symbolism and in-depth meaning of the King of Cups Tarot card: emotional maturity, compassion, and mastery over the inner self.
Emperor of the Early Lê dynasty, issuer of the Hồng Đức legal code and expander of the territory
Singer, songwriter, music producer nicknamed "Prince of V-pop"
