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Over time a village may add other deities due to village mergers, the emergence of a new locally significant historical figure, or the integration of local nature or craft deities into its folk belief. As a result, quite a few đình worship two or even three Thành Hoàng together.
From the article “Village Guardian Deity Worship (Thành Hoàng) in Vietnamese Culture”
Spirit chronicles and imperial edicts show how villages and the state shaped the Thành Hoàng, and why Southern communal houses worship other origins too.
Worship in Nghệ An through three studies: ancestral rites at lineage halls, the three temples of Kim Lũy village, and đền Cuông, with lunar festival dates.
Thành Hoàng is the guardian deity believed to protect each Vietnamese village, worshipped at the communal đình. Its origins, deity types and royal decrees.
The Lê Chân Female General Festival in Hải Phòng honors the founder of An Biên village with rituals each second lunar month.
Village communal houses differ across the Northern Delta, the South, and the Mekong Delta waterways in architecture, deities, and festivals.
Bạch Mã Temple in Hanoi guards the East of Thăng Long's Four Guardian Temples and worships Long Đỗ, the city's tutelary god.
Sinh Village wrestling festival in Lại Ân Village, Hue, falls on the 10th day of the first lunar month and follows the muddy back, white belly rule.
Auspicious and inauspicious days classify a whole day by the twelve deities, while auspicious hours classify each two-hour block by that same set.
Thanh Minh is when descendants clean ancestral graves and offer rituals. This guide covers offerings, step-by-step procedures, prayers, and safety notes.
Trần Hưng Đạo, the general who led Đại Việt against the Mongols three times, became Đức Thánh Trần, a worshipped saint honoured at temples such as Kiếp Bạc.
Thanh Minh in Vietnam is mainly an occasion to remember ancestors by visiting graves, unlike China where spring outings also occur.
The Cổ Loa Festival opens on the 6th day of the first lunar month at the Upper Temple in Đông Anh, Hanoi, honoring An Dương Vương with rituals and folk games.
The legend of Linh Sơn Thánh Mẫu centers on Lý Thị Thiên Hương, canonized under the Nguyen dynasty, and the festivals at Bà Đen Mountain.
Tản Viên Sơn Thánh, or Sơn Tinh, leads the Four Immortals and symbolizes the conquest of nature and floods, with over 100 relics around Ba Vì mountain.
Vietnam's Thanh Minh custom often means tending graves first, then offering to ancestors at home; this examines origins, sequence and exceptions in old texts.
The death anniversary of Lễ Thành Hau Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh honors the pioneer of Southern Vietnam, a ritual named a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2025.
Thành Đầu Thổ covers the Mậu Dần and Kỷ Mão years. See its Earth element traits, feng shui colors, and generation and control notes.
The twelve trực, from Kiến and Trừ to Khai and Bế, form a twelve-day cycle for judging each day, rooted in old calendars and the Hiệp kỷ biện phương thư.
Thanh Long, third star of the Bác Sĩ cycle from Lộc Tồn, is a Water-element auspicious star. This covers its placement, meaning, and classical readings.
Lady Trieu, born Triệu Thị Trinh in 226, led the 248 uprising against Wu rule. Her temple on Gai Mountain, Thanh Hóa, keeps national heritage festivals.
Trà Đông bronze casting village in Thanh Hóa, over 1,000 years old, keeps hereditary secrets of clay mold making and alloy blending.
Vạn Thắng agarwood carving in Vạn Ninh, Khánh Hòa is a family trade over 100 years old, with 400 households and 700 workers, now eyed for community tourism.
Chính Thần is the ruling period direction, Linh Thần the opposite palace. How to tell Chính Thủy from Linh Thủy and locate Thành Môn in each period.
Làng Chuông village in Thanh Oai, Hanoi keeps its centuries-old conical hat craft alive through spinning techniques and hidden stitches.
The Thánh sư altar honours a craft's patron. Learn the three names, altar placement, ritual objects, and offering days per custom books.
The Chợ Củi Temple Festival in Nghi Xuân, Hà Tĩnh honours Saint Hoàng Mười and the Three Holy Mothers, and differs from Nghệ An's Ông Hoàng Mười Temple.
Cung Hoàng Đạo is one of twelve equal divisions of the ecliptic, each tied to a constellation and used in Western astrology for personality, love and career.
Văn Trai Thượng incense village in Hưng Yên makes handmade incense from natural herbs, creating fragrant, low-smoke sticks.
Giờ hoàng đạo are six two-hour slots a day, based on the twelve Earthly Branches and seen in folk practice as favorable for starting important work.
Vạn Phúc silk weaving village in Hà Đông, Hanoi, holds over 1,000 years of history and National Intangible Cultural Heritage status.
Thôn Cao incense village in Hưng Yên is Northern Vietnam's largest incense-making craft village, its 18th-century craft tied to ancestress Đào Thị Khương.
The Four Symbols guard the huye: Thanh Long left, Bạch Hổ right, Huyền Vũ behind, Chu Tước in front. This piece covers their shapes and the minh duong layers.
Chèo is the folk musical theatre of the Red River Delta, played on a mat in the communal house yard, with old plays such as Quan Âm Thị Kính.
The Cơ Ho live mainly in Lâm Đồng, speak a Mon-Khmer language, follow a matrilineal system and worship Yang and Cha spirits.
The Ngái are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups, with a very small population living scattered across Quảng Ninh, Hải Phòng, Bắc Giang, Lạng Sơn and Cao Bằng.
The Nguyễn Trung Trực Memorial Festival in Kiên Giang runs each year from the 26th to 28th of the 8th lunar month, honoring the hero who died in 1868.
Tết in Sài Gòn: the Nguyễn Huệ flower market from 1960 and flower street from 2004, the flower boats of Bình Đông wharf, and how families keep Tết.
The Hoa (Han) are one of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups: where they live, their language, ancestor worship customs, and festivals like Tết Nguyên tieu.
Lễ hạ điền opens rice transplanting; lễ thượng điền marks formed ears or harvest end, both praying for good crops. Custom books differ on timing and names.
Nghệ sĩ Ưu tú, a spoken drama actor long associated with the southern stage, founder of Kịch đoàn Thành Lộc
Light music singer, one of the four divas of Vietnamese music
Actor, action film producer
Chairman of Kinh Bac City Development Holding Corporation (KBC)
TV host, comedian, film actor and director of the highest-grossing films in Vietnam
Emperor of the Early Lê dynasty, issuer of the Hồng Đức legal code and expander of the territory
Singer, songwriter, music producer nicknamed "Prince of V-pop"
