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The Tứ Bất Tử (Four Immortals) comprises Tản Viên Sơn Thánh, Phù Đổng Thiên Vương, Chử Đồng Tử and Thánh Mẫu Liễu Hạnh. Among these four immortal saints, Thánh Mẫu Liễu Hạnh is the only woman, which makes her position special and unique in the Vietnamese consciousness.
From the article “Saint Mother Liễu Hạnh: The Only Female Saint in the Four Immortals and the Mother Goddess Worship of the Three Realms”
Saint Mother Liễu Hạnh, the only female saint among the Four Immortals, is tied to the three descents to earth and to the Three Realms Mother Goddess worship.
The Phủ Dầy Festival in Nam Định, held in the third lunar month, honors Saint Mother Liễu Hạnh with Chau Van singing and Hau Dong mediumship.
Vietnam's 2016 Law on Belief and Religion separates belief from religion, yet researchers still debate whether Mother Goddess Worship is a religion.
Đạo Mẫu is an indigenous Vietnamese folk belief. It worships Holy Mothers and female deities who govern the universe through the Four Palaces system.
Tứ Bất Tử is the collective name for four immortal saints in Vietnamese folk belief: Tản Viên Sơn Thánh, Saint Giong, Chử Đồng Tử, and Holy Mother Lieu Hanh.
The Mother Goddess Worship of Tam Phu venerates the Holy Mothers and deities of the universe, guiding people toward a practical life.
UNESCO inscribed Mother Goddess Worship of the Three Palaces in 2016, honoring the sky, forest and water Mothers, with Holy Mother Liễu Hạnh at its center.
The legend of Linh Sơn Thánh Mẫu centers on Lý Thị Thiên Hương, canonized under the Nguyen dynasty, and the festivals at Bà Đen Mountain.
Hầu đồng is the spirit mediumship ritual at the heart of Đạo Mẫu, believed to channel the Tứ Phủ deities through a medium.
Explore the journey from the Cham goddess Po Inư Nagar to Thien Y A Na in Vietnamese belief, through the lens of the Po Nagar Tower festival in Nha Trang.
Tản Viên Sơn Thánh, or Sơn Tinh, leads the Four Immortals and symbolizes the conquest of nature and floods, with over 100 relics around Ba Vì mountain.
Dương Liễu Mộc in the Sixty Jiazi is the Na Am of Nhâm Ngọ and Quý Mùi years, a gentle Wood element tied to adaptable, artistic traits.
Explore in detail the Heavenly Stem Wu (Mau): its Yang Earth nature, position in the I Ching, interactions with other elements, and practical meanings.
The legend of bánh chưng and bánh giầy: Lang Liêu, son of a Hùng king, offers cakes of glutinous rice. Where the tale is recorded and what it explains.
Nghinh Ông Sông Đốc Festival is the largest sea festival in Cà Mau, held each second lunar month with a sacred whale procession and fishermen's whale worship.
2028 is Mậu Thân, nạp âm Đại Trạch Thổ. Which parents' years count as favourable or unfavourable by stem, branch and nạp âm, with a 1984 to 2001 table.
An Dương Vương, the state of Âu Lạc and Cổ Loa citadel in the old histories and the legend of the magic crossbow: the Thục house, dates and site.
Feng shui links each Kim, Mộc, Thủy, Hỏa, Thổ destiny to colors it treats as suitable or unfavorable. A color chart and where the books disagree.
Discover how to apply the Five Elements theory to choose interior colors and clothing that match your destiny, balancing energy and supporting life.
Thành Đầu Thổ covers the Mậu Dần and Kỷ Mão years. See its Earth element traits, feng shui colors, and generation and control notes.
Thành Hoàng is the guardian deity believed to protect each Vietnamese village, worshipped at the communal đình. Its origins, deity types and royal decrees.
The Công Đồng Bắc Lệ Temple Festival in Tân Thành Commune, Lạng Sơn runs from the 18th to 20th of the 9th lunar month, with the palanquin bathing rite.
Thanh Minh is when descendants clean ancestral graves and offer rituals. This guide covers offerings, step-by-step procedures, prayers, and safety notes.
Trần Hưng Đạo, the general who led Đại Việt against the Mongols three times, became Đức Thánh Trần, a worshipped saint honoured at temples such as Kiếp Bạc.
Thanh Minh in Vietnam is mainly an occasion to remember ancestors by visiting graves, unlike China where spring outings also occur.
The Cổ Loa Festival opens on the 6th day of the first lunar month at the Upper Temple in Đông Anh, Hanoi, honoring An Dương Vương with rituals and folk games.
Thanh Long governs joy, Chu Tước speech and documents, Câu Trần land and stagnation. The six beasts only color a line already assessed for prosperity.
The death anniversary of Lễ Thành Hau Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh honors the pioneer of Southern Vietnam, a ritual named a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2025.
Thiên Ất Quý Nhân in Bát Tự is looked up by day stem or year stem, with two noble branches per stem, no Thìn or Tuất, and schools split on the stem Canh.
Vietnam's Thanh Minh custom often means tending graves first, then offering to ancestors at home; this examines origins, sequence and exceptions in old texts.
The twelve trực, from Kiến and Trừ to Khai and Bế, form a twelve-day cycle for judging each day, rooted in old calendars and the Hiệp kỷ biện phương thư.
Thanh Long, third star of the Bác Sĩ cycle from Lộc Tồn, is a Water-element auspicious star. This covers its placement, meaning, and classical readings.
Lady Trieu, born Triệu Thị Trinh in 226, led the 248 uprising against Wu rule. Her temple on Gai Mountain, Thanh Hóa, keeps national heritage festivals.
Ông Địa and Thần Tài are the household deities most often worshipped together in Vietnam. Their origins, meaning, and altar placement.
By folk custom, the cô hồn tray is set in the yard or before the gate, not indoors, and many homes turn it outward. Timing, regional trays, and taboos.
Vietnamese star worship and misfortune resolution (dâng sao giải hạn) at lunar new year: its Taoist origins, cultural meaning, and a Buddhist view.
Light music singer, one of the four divas of Vietnamese music
Nghệ sĩ Ưu tú, a spoken drama actor long associated with the southern stage, founder of Kịch đoàn Thành Lộc
TV host, comedian, film actor and director of the highest-grossing films in Vietnam
Emperor of the Early Lê dynasty, issuer of the Hồng Đức legal code and expander of the territory
Actor, action film producer
Chairman of Kinh Bac City Development Holding Corporation (KBC)
Singer, songwriter, music producer nicknamed "Prince of V-pop"
