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Knowledge articles (40)

Folk belief

What Does Vietnamese Folk Belief Encompass?

Vietnamese folk belief includes ancestor worship, deity worship, Mother Goddess religion, agricultural beliefs, and rituals of many ethnic groups. An overview of main branches.

Ancestor worship

Why Vietnamese worship on the first day of the lunar month: the meaning of the Sóc day in folk belief

Explore the origin, spiritual and cultural meaning of the Vietnamese custom of worshiping on the first day of the lunar month (Sóc day), along with common offerings and prayers.

Folk belief

No Scientific Basis Does Not Mean Worthless: Reading Folk Belief as Cultural Heritage Rather Than as a Truth Claim

Folk belief is not science, but that does not make it worthless. The right way to read it is as cultural heritage, a symbolic language of community.

Historical figures

Ba Chua Xu of Sam Mountain: From Southern Folk Belief to Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

Explore the journey of the Ba Chua Xu of Sam Mountain belief, from a Southern Vietnamese folk belief to being inscribed by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2024.

Life-cycle rites

The Cúng Mụ Rite and the Belief in the 12 Midwife Goddesses

Explore the origin and role of the 12 Bà Mụ in Vietnamese folk belief, female deities believed to shape a newborn's body and bestow blessings.

Folk belief

Ông Địa and Thần Tài: The Earth God and God of Wealth in Household Worship

Ông Địa (Earth God) and Thần Tài (God of Wealth) are the most commonly co-worshipped household deities in Vietnam. Learn their origins, meaning, altar arrangement, and why shopkeepers revere them.

Folk belief

The Worship of Ong Ta in Southern Vietnamese Folk Culture

Explore the origins, meanings, and rituals of worshipping Ong Ta, a familiar land-protecting deity in Southern Vietnamese folk beliefs, rooted in Khmer culture.

Folk divination

Dream interpretation in Vietnamese folklore: from traditional beliefs to a scientific perspective

Explore dream interpretation in Vietnamese folklore, from spiritual omens to how modern science explains dreams.

Folk belief

Whale Worship (Cá Ông) Among Vietnamese Fishing Communities

Cá Ông worship venerates whales as guardian spirits among fishing communities on Vietnam's central and southern coasts. Explore its Cham origins, lăng Ông shrines, the Nghinh Ông festival, and maritime culture.

Glossary

What is Tứ Bất Tử?

Tu Bat Tu is the collective name for four immortal saints in Vietnamese folk belief: Tan Vien Son Thanh, Saint Giong, Chu Dong Tu, and Holy Mother Lieu Hanh.

Folk belief

The Worship of Ca Ong: The Guardian Deity of Central Vietnamese Fishermen

Discover the worship of Ca Ong (whale) among central Vietnamese fishermen: its origins, rituals, tomb architecture, scientific perspectives, and maritime cultural significance.

Folk belief

The Mountain and Forest Spirit Worship of the Ruc People (Chut Ethnic Group)

Explore the distinct spiritual beliefs of the Ruc, a Chut subgroup once living in isolation in the Truong Son mountains, including their worship of mountain and forest deities and their unique view of death as a return to the sacred forest.

Folk belief

The Worship of the Village Guardian Spirit (Thanh Hoang): The Soul of the Vietnamese Communal House

Explore the worship of the Village Guardian Spirit (Thanh Hoang), a distinctive feature of Vietnamese folk belief, from its origins, roles, to the rituals performed at the communal house.

Traditional festivals

Cau Ngu Festival: The Whale Worship Belief of Central Vietnam Fishermen

Explore the Cau Ngu festival, a beautiful belief in worshipping the Whale God among central Vietnamese fishermen, covering its origins, rituals, and cultural significance.

Glossary

What is Đạo Mẫu?

Dao Mau is an indigenous folk belief of the Vietnamese people, worshipping Holy Mothers and female deities who govern the realms of the universe according to the Three Palaces or Four Palaces system.

Traditional festivals

The Whale Worship Belief and Nghinh Ong Festival of Coastal Fishermen

Explore the whale worship belief of Vietnamese fishermen, from its origins, burial rituals, taboos to the typical Nghinh Ong festivals in Nghe An, Can Tho and other coastal regions.

Ethnic minority belief

Tày Beliefs and Festivals: Then Singing, the Tính Lute, and the Lồng Tồng Festival

Explore the sacred Then belief system, the Tính lute, and the Lồng Tồng down-to-the-fields festival of the Tày, Vietnam's largest ethnic minority group in the Northeast.

Folk belief

How Do Belief and Superstition Differ Under Vietnamese Law?

Vietnam's 2016 Law on Belief and Religion distinguishes protected belief from banned superstition. Learn the definitions, legal signs, fines, and criminal penalties.

Folk belief

Rain Praying Festival of the Thai Ethnic People: Agricultural Beliefs and Cultural Identity

Explore the rain praying festival of the Thai people in Northwest Vietnam: origins, rituals, spiritual meanings, and its role in agricultural community life.

Folk belief

The Legend of Sacred Forests in the Beliefs of the Pu Péo People

Explore the sacred forest beliefs of the Pu Péo, an ethnic minority in Hà Giang, to understand their culture, customs, and unique relationship with nature.

Folk belief

Village Guardian Deity Worship (Thành Hoàng) in Vietnamese Culture

Thành Hoàng is the tutelary deity protecting each Vietnamese village, worshipped at the communal đình. Learn its origins, deity types, royal decrees, and the đình's role in community life.

Folk belief

The Origins of the Worship of Thần Tài - Ông Địa in Vietnamese Culture

Discover the origins, meanings, and transformations of the worship of Thần Tài (God of Wealth) and Ông Địa (Earth God) in Vietnamese culture, from agricultural beliefs to the market economy.

Folk belief

Vietnamese Ancestor Worship: Beliefs and Practices

An overview of Vietnamese ancestor worship, a defining spiritual-cultural practice: the family altar, death anniversaries, and the moral meaning of remembering one's roots.

Folk belief

The Animistic Spiritual Life of the Bru-Van Kieu People

Explore the distinctive animistic spiritual life of the Bru-Van Kieu people through the research of Hungarian ethnologist Vargyas Gábor, from the role of shamans to reburial and spirit worship rituals.

Folk belief

Belief, Superstition, and Pseudoscience Are Three Different Things, but They Are Often Lumped Together

Distinguish folk belief, harmful superstition, and pseudoscience through definitions, boundaries, and concrete examples, so you can tell cultural faith from fraud.

Historical figures

Nang Han - Legendary Female Heroine in the Beliefs of the White Thai People

Explore the legend of Nang Han, a female heroine who disguised herself as a man to repel foreign invaders among the White Thai people of the Northwest, and understand the festivals, beliefs, and unique spiritual life of this community.

Folk belief

Nang Hai Festival (Moon Mother) - Fertility Belief of the Tay People in Cao Bang

Discover the Nang Hai Festival of the Tay people in Cao Bang, a national intangible cultural heritage, through the lens of fertility beliefs, crop worship rituals, and the aspirations for prosperity and abundance of agricultural communities.

Folk belief

The Four Dharma Deities (Cloud, Rain, Thunder, Lightning) Worship at Dau Pagoda: Origins and Identity

Explore the worship of the Four Dharma Deities (Phap Van, Phap Vu, Phap Loi, Phap Dien) at Dau Pagoda, Bac Ninh: origins, meanings, rituals, and the distinctive cultural values of an ancient agricultural belief interwoven with Buddhism.

Folk belief

Quan Cong Temples: A Religious Imprint of the Chinese Community in Vietnam

Explore the worship of Quan Cong among the Chinese community in Vietnam through temples, rituals, and enduring cultural values in Chau Doc, Ca Mau, and many other localities.

Historical figures

The Worship of Ong Hoang Bay - the National Defense General at Bao Ha Temple

Discover the details of the worship of Ong Hoang Bay at Bao Ha Temple (Lao Cai), from its historical origins, the role of the national defense general of the Le Dynasty to the rituals and spiritual cultural significance for the Vietnamese people.

Traditional festivals

Sayangva Festival of the Cho Ro People: Agricultural Beliefs and Community Vitality

Discover the Sayangva Festival of the Cho Ro people in Dong Nai: its origins in agricultural beliefs, rituals honoring the rice spirit, the neu tree, and distinctive community activities.

Historical figures

Chu Dong Tu - Tien Dung: A Legend of Love and One of Vietnam's Four Immortal Saints

Explore the legend of Chu Dong Tu - Tien Dung, a love story transcending class, their path to deification, and their place among the Four Immortals with notable festivals.

Historical figures

Worship of Chua Thac Bo: Two Female Generals from the Le Loi Era in Hoa Binh

Explore the worship of Chua Thac Bo in Hoa Binh, dedicated to two female generals from the Le Loi era. This article analyzes the historical origins, temple architecture, rituals, and spiritual cultural value of this destination.

Ethnic minority belief

Beliefs and Festivals of the Cham People

The Cham community comprises three distinct religious streams: Cham Bàlamôn, Cham Bàni and Cham Islam, each with its own festivals and practices, from Katê to Ramưwan.

Folk belief

Fertility Worship in Traditional Vietnamese Culture

Fertility worship reflects ancient Vietnamese agricultural culture's hope for abundance and continuity, expressed through Linga–Yoni symbols, the Trò Trám festival, and Central Highlands grave-house carvings.

Ethnic minority belief

Beliefs and Rituals of the Ê Đê People

The Ê Đê of Đắk Lắk follow a matrilineal system, live in longhouses, worship the Yang spirits, and hold a grave-abandonment ceremony to send the dead to the ancestors.

Ethnic minority belief

Beliefs and Festivals of the Khmer Krom People

Theravada Buddhism sits at the center of Khmer Krom spiritual life, with the village pagoda and major festivals such as Chol Chnam Thmay and Ok Om Bok.

Traditional festivals

Phu Day Festival: The Center of Mother Lieu Hanh Worship

The Phu Day Festival in Nam Dinh is the center of the Mother Goddess worship of the Three Palaces, honoring Saint Mother Lieu Hanh, with rituals of Chau Van singing, Hau Dong mediumship, and many unique folk cultural activities.

Ethnic minority belief

Beliefs and Festivals of the Thái People in Northwest Vietnam: Xên Bản Xên Mường and Hạn Khuống

Explore the animist beliefs, the Xên Bản Xên Mường village-guardian rites, and the Hạn Khuống courtship festival of the Thái ethnic minority in Vietnam's Northwest, not Thailand.

Historical figures

Worship of Ba Chua Kho and the Year-Opening Custom of Borrowing Luck

Explore the historical origins, legends of Ba Chua Kho during the Ly Dynasty, the spiritual meaning of the year-opening custom of borrowing luck, and rituals at Ba Chua Kho Temple, Bac Ninh.