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Joss paper is a symbolic exchange between the living and ancestors or spirits, covering its origins, len dong rituals and Buddhist critiques.
A step-by-step guide to shop and company opening ceremony offerings, from preparing the tray to the ritual sequence, with safety notes.
Đông Hồ folk painting, a 500-year craft in Bắc Ninh, uses woodblock printing and natural colors. UNESCO listed it as heritage in need of urgent safeguarding.
Many families burn a little votive paper after the year-end offering; the hóa vàng send-off comes on Tet days 3 to 7. The tray can go indoors or outdoors.
Burning votive paper to see off ancestors after Tet usually falls between the 3rd and 10th of the first lunar month, most often the 3rd. What to prepare.
Vietnam's Mid-Autumn Festival, the 8th lunar month full moon, is Children's Festival with ancestor offerings, moon-viewing trays and paper toys.
A guide to the Vietnamese housewarming ritual (nhập trạch): the offerings and each step in order, from the auspicious date to moving in.
The 15th day of the 7th lunar month has three offering trays: a vegetarian tray for Buddha, a full tray for ancestors, and one for wandering souls.
A new car blessing usually has flowers, fruit, roast pork or chicken or a vegetarian tray, salt, rice, wine, tea and votive paper, set before the car.
Giỗ hết đại tường marks the end of two years of mourning. It covers the offering tray, how to arrange it, and the sequence for xả tang in Vietnamese custom.
Northern Vietnamese Tet worship runs from seeing off the Kitchen Gods on the 23rd of the 12th lunar month to welcoming ancestors and the vang ma burning rite.
What does a giỗ require? Offerings, the offering tray, the prayer text and the order of the day, drawn from Vietnamese historical sources.
Apartment and rented-home nhập trạch rites still announce the move to ancestors and thổ công but skip động thổ and structural changes, with simpler offerings.
Folk taboos for offerings on the Full Moon and the first day of the lunar month, from choosing fruit and flowers to the incense burner and a reverent mindset.
Year-end tạ đất rites are usually held outdoors in the yard, indoors only in cramped homes; offerings vary by region, with no fixed number of chè bowls.
What to bring to a Vietnamese pagoda at New Year: incense, flowers, fruit and other vegetarian offerings, and which altar to pay respects at first.
Sử Giề Pà, the buffalo thanksgiving of the Bố Y in Lào Cai, falls on the 8th day of the 4th lunar month, with a shared offering tray for the village.
Vietnam's Thanh Minh custom often means tending graves first, then offering to ancestors at home; this examines origins, sequence and exceptions in old texts.
Cúng cơm ba ngày Tết covers the first, second and third day rites: Nguyên đán, Chiêu điện, Tịch điện and the Tạ ceremony, with regional differences.
Thanh Minh is when descendants clean ancestral graves and offer rituals. This guide covers offerings, step-by-step procedures, prayers, and safety notes.
How to prepare the offering tray and perform the Kitchen Gods' ritual on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, following regional customs.
A detailed step-by-step guide on preparing offerings and arranging the Mid-Autumn Festival tray according to Vietnamese traditions.
Kitchen Gods worship on the 23rd of the last lunar month differs across Vietnam: the North worships early with carp release, the South worships late.
The 10th day of the first lunar month is when many Vietnamese, especially in the South, worship the God of Wealth to pray for a good year.
A guide to preparing New Year's Eve offerings, arranging the outdoor and indoor trays by Vietnamese custom, with safety notes and regional differences.
A step-by-step guide to preparing offerings and arranging the Year-End Tất Niên tray per Vietnamese customs, with the prayer and key notes.
A guide to the Vietnamese groundbreaking ceremony: choosing an auspicious date, preparing offerings, and the ritual steps.
A step-by-step guide to preparing offerings and arranging full-month and first-birthday trays for your baby, plus the prayer and regional notes.
Giỗ đầu (tiểu tường) is the first death anniversary, with a tray of cơm úp, boiled egg, chicken, xôi and vàng mã, more solemn than an ordinary giỗ.
The Hungry Ghost Festival on the 15th day of the 7th lunar month blends Buddhist and Taoist roots, with offerings for wandering spirits.
2027 Kitchen Gods offering: weekdays, can chi and auspicious hours for the 21st, 22nd and 23rd of the twelfth lunar month of Bính Ngọ.
Ông Công Ông Táo is the folk term for the three Kitchen Gods, Táo Quân, who watch over household affairs and report to the Jade Emperor.
Rằm tháng 7 prayers include three texts for deities, ancestors, and wandering souls, with ritual order, offerings, and how to recite them.
Giỗ thường (cát kỵ) yearly rites need no full feast like giỗ đầu or giỗ hết. Core offerings: hương đèn, trầu cau, rượu trà, a bowl of upside-down rice.
By folk custom, the cô hồn tray is set in the yard or before the gate, not indoors, and many homes turn it outward. Timing, regional trays, and taboos.
The giỗ prayer text: its structure, how to address each generation of ancestors, and the tiên thường and chính kỵ versions, with sources.
The post-Tet ancestor farewell rite varies by region: hóa vàng in the North, tiễn ông bà in the Center, cúng tất in the South.
Rằm tháng 7 is when families make offerings to the Buddha, deities, ancestors and wandering souls, with guidance on timing, the tray and what to avoid.
When to burn the mourning scarf in Vietnamese custom: the 49-day, 100-day and death anniversaries, plus the rites of removing mourning.
The ông Công ông Táo ceremony on the 23rd of the 12th lunar month sends the three Kitchen Gods to heaven to report on the family's deeds to the Jade Emperor.
The Neu pole is raised on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month and lowered on the 7th of the first month, closing Tet. Its origins, meaning.
A catalogue of 232 Vietnamese ritual offerings, from incense, flowers, betel, sticky rice and cakes to meat dishes, votive paper and objects, gathered from the offering names in the procedure rows: names in three languages, other names, group, vegetarian or not, the components of combined trays, and the number of procedure rows and rites using each item. It is the key table for the ma_le_vat column of the nghi-thuc-cung-viet-nam dataset.
